Suchergebnisse

Resumen tomado del autor. Monográfico con el título: De inmigrantes a minorías: temas y problemas de la multiculturalidad. Texto completo sólo disponible en el CD anexo o en la versión en línea ; A partir del análisis exhaustivo de la regulación del profesorado llevada a cabo por la Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOE), se realiza una comparación del contenido de la nueva ley con la normativa anterior recogida en la LOGSE, LOPEG y LOCE, con la finalidad de localizar todas las novedades legislativas introducidas por la LOE en la normativa relativa a las condiciones que han de reunir los profesores que imparten enseñanzas no universitarias, tanto en centros públicos como privados. También se recoge en el artículo el estudio de la función pública docente, regulación que, por primera vez desde la promulgación de la Constitución Española, se ha unificado en una única norma legal que ha incluido numerosas innovaciones en muchas materias: el procedimiento de selección de los funcionarios docentes, la promoción interna, las especialidades docentes, la promoción profesional, el acceso al cuerpo de inspectores de educación, la jubilación voluntaria anticipada y la función directiva, entre otras. Por otra parte, se recogen como conclusiones algunos temas que aún no han sido abordados por la reforma educativa: la reordenación de los doce cuerpos de funcionarios docentes actuales supondría una simplificación de las rigurosas reglas vigentes; la reducción del número de especialidades docentes para flexibilizar la atribución de competencias en la educación secundaria; un impulso a la carrera docente que facilite la promoción de los funcionarios de un cuerpo a otro; la adecuación de la selección de profesorado a las necesidades del sistema educativo, que permita sustituir las actuales pruebas ya anticuadas y que no siempre seleccionan al mejor profesor; una definición clara de las tareas y responsabilidades de los docentes en su práctica diaria en los centros; una carrera profesional que reconozca la dedicación del profesorado a sus tareas y permita la promoción sin cambiar de puesto de trabajo ni de cuerpo. ; Madrid ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

Resumen tomado del autor. Monográfico con el título: De inmigrantes a minorías: temas y problemas de la multiculturalidad. Texto completo sólo disponible en el CD anexo o en la versión en línea ; A partir del análisis exhaustivo de la regulación del profesorado llevada a cabo por la Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOE), se realiza una comparación del contenido de la nueva ley con la normativa anterior recogida en la LOGSE, LOPEG y LOCE, con la finalidad de localizar todas las novedades legislativas introducidas por la LOE en la normativa relativa a las condiciones que han de reunir los profesores que imparten enseñanzas no universitarias, tanto en centros públicos como privados. También se recoge en el artículo el estudio de la función pública docente, regulación que, por primera vez desde la promulgación de la Constitución Española, se ha unificado en una única norma legal que ha incluido numerosas innovaciones en muchas materias: el procedimiento de selección de los funcionarios docentes, la promoción interna, las especialidades docentes, la promoción profesional, el acceso al cuerpo de inspectores de educación, la jubilación voluntaria anticipada y la función directiva, entre otras. Por otra parte, se recogen como conclusiones algunos temas que aún no han sido abordados por la reforma educativa: la reordenación de los doce cuerpos de funcionarios docentes actuales supondría una simplificación de las rigurosas reglas vigentes; la reducción del número de especialidades docentes para flexibilizar la atribución de competencias en la educación secundaria; un impulso a la carrera docente que facilite la promoción de los funcionarios de un cuerpo a otro; la adecuación de la selección de profesorado a las necesidades del sistema educativo, que permita sustituir las actuales pruebas ya anticuadas y que no siempre seleccionan al mejor profesor; una definición clara de las tareas y responsabilidades de los docentes en su práctica diaria en los centros; una carrera profesional que reconozca la dedicación del profesorado a sus tareas y permita la promoción sin cambiar de puesto de trabajo ni de cuerpo. ; Madrid ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

La industria mexicana enfrenta grandes oportunidades por la reciente apertura comercial, pero al mismo tiempo está ante grandes retos para salir adelante en esta coyuntura. Un sector involucrado y que tiene un papel importante en la globalización económica, y que por causa de ella ha vivido importantes transformaciones, es el manufacturero. Esta transformación puede traer como consecuencia que nuestro país pueda alcanzar una posición competitiva en el mercado mundial. En este sector encontramos a la industria del calzado, la cual será analizada en el presente trabajo. Esta actividad tiene la característica de ser intensiva en mano de obra, en lo cual México podría lograr una situación favorable con relación a algunos países y segmentos de mercado internacionales. En los últimos años, esta industria ha experimentado un importante dinamismo en el comercio exterior y los niveles de producción se han recuperado tras una importante caída al principio de los años noventa. Sin embargo, esto no es suficiente para aliviar las deficiencias en la cadena productiva, lo que podría tener un impacto indeseable en la eficiencia y la competitividad mundial.

COVID-19 is a global pandemic fuelled in some countries by government actions. The current issue of Clinical Kidney Journal presents 15 articles on COVID-19 and kidney disease from three continents, providing a global perspective of the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on electrolytes and different kidney compartments (glomeruli, tubules and vascular compartments) and presenting clinically as a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, acute kidney injury, acute kidney disease, collapsing glomerulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy, among others, in the context of a brand-new cardiorenal syndrome. Kidney injury may need acute dialysis that may overwhelm haemodialysis (HD) and haemofiltration capabilities. In this regard, acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) may be lifesaving. Additionally, pre-existent chronic kidney disease increases the risk of more severe COVID-19 complications. The impact of COVID-19 on PD and HD patients is also discussed, with emphasis on preventive measures. Finally, current therapeutic approaches and potential future therapeutic approaches undergoing clinical trials, such as complement targeting by eculizumab, are also presented.

The European Union's clean air policies work along several lines. The European Union regulates air pollutant emissions from a multitude of sources, sets standards for concentrations of selected harmful substances in ambient air, and sets the obligation of providing information to the public. In this report, we focus on how information on air quality is provided to and perceived by the public and look at actions the cities and the civil society takes towards improvements of the quality of air. Public awareness and understanding have a central role. Air pollution is the single largest environmental risk to the health of the Europeans and is receiving increasing attention in the public space. It is comprehensively regulated in the EU, addressing air pollutants concentrations as well as emissions from numerous sources. Authorities in the Member States are obliged to take actions to improve air quality where legal standards are exceeded and to maintain it where it is good. The legislation requires also for the authorities to inform the public. In some cases, especially at local level, authorities are struggling to implement measures to improve air quality, for instance due to public opposition. In other cases, citizens are taking action with the aim of pushing the authorities to improve air quality. This report reflects on what air quality information authorities provide to the public and what actions civil society takes towards improvements of air quality in Europe. It also looks at how the public perceives the provided information by the authorities and at the role of public awareness and understanding. ; OCP/EEA/ACC/18/001-ETC/ATNI

The European Union's clean air policies work along several lines. The European Union regulates air pollutant emissions from a multitude of sources, sets standards for concentrations of selected harmful substances in ambient air, and sets the obligation of providing information to the public. In this report, we focus on how information on air quality is provided to and perceived by the public and look at actions the cities and the civil society takes towards improvements of the quality of air. Public awareness and understanding have a central role. Air pollution is the single largest environmental risk to the health of the Europeans and is receiving increasing attention in the public space. It is comprehensively regulated in the EU, addressing air pollutants concentrations as well as emissions from numerous sources. Authorities in the Member States are obliged to take actions to improve air quality where legal standards are exceeded and to maintain it where it is good. The legislation requires also for the authorities to inform the public. In some cases, especially at local level, authorities are struggling to implement measures to improve air quality, for instance due to public opposition. In other cases, citizens are taking action with the aim of pushing the authorities to improve air quality. This report reflects on what air quality information authorities provide to the public and what actions civil society takes towards improvements of air quality in Europe. It also looks at how the public perceives the provided information by the authorities and at the role of public awareness and understanding. ; OCP/EEA/ACC/18/001-ETC/ATNI

Despite massive government and private sector investments into prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity, efforts have largely failed, and the burden of cost remains in the treatment of downstream morbidity and mortality, with overall stagnating outcomes. A new paradigm shift in the approach to these patients may explain why existing treatment strategies fail, and offer new treatment targets. This review aims to provide a clinician-centred primer on metabolic memory, defined as the sum of irreversible genetic, epigenetic, cellular and tissue-level alterations that occur with long-time exposure to metabolic derangements.

Despite massive government and private sector investments into prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity, efforts have largely failed, and the burden of cost remains in the treatment of downstream morbidity and mortality, with overall stagnating outcomes. A new paradigm shift in the approach to these patients may explain why existing treatment strategies fail, and offer new treatment targets. This review aims to provide a clinician-centred primer on metabolic memory, defined as the sum of irreversible genetic, epigenetic, cellular and tissue-level alterations that occur with long-time exposure to metabolic derangements.

Background: Patients with primary membranous nephropathy (MN) and persistent nephrotic syndrome have a high risk of progression to end-stage renal disease. The Ponticelli protocol (steroids with alkylating agents) is the most effective immunosuppressive therapy for this condition, but it has severe adverse effects. Tacrolimus and rituximab have demonstrated efficacy for remission of nephrotic syndrome in MN with a safer profile. However, the published evidence is largely based on small or short-term observational studies, historical cohorts, comparisons with conservative therapy or clinical trials without appropriate control groups, and there is no head-to-head comparison with the Ponticelli protocol. Methods: The STARMEN randomized clinical trial will compare the efficacy of sequential tacrolimus–rituximab therapy with a modified Ponticelli protocol (steroids plus cyclophosphamide). The trial will also evaluate the role of antibodies against the Mtype phospholipaseA2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) and other antibodies as markers of response to treatment and long-term prognosis Results: The trial has already started with 23 patients having been enrolled as of 1 April 2015, an estimated 21.7% of the estimated sample ; This is an investigator-initiated RCT that has been up to now funded by the European Renal Association (Research Programme, ERA-EDTA), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Government) through specific research projects (FIS 13/02502 and ICI14/00350) and the Spanish Renal Research Network (REDINREN, RD 012/0021).

Phosphate is a key uremic toxin associated with adverse outcomes. As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, the kidney capacity to excrete excess dietary phosphate decreases, triggering compensatory endocrine responses that drive CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Eventu-ally, hyperphosphatemia develops, and low phosphate diet and phosphate binders are prescribed. Recent data have identified a potential role of the gut microbiota in mineral bone disorders. Thus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) only caused bone loss in mice whose microbiota was enriched in the Th17 cell-inducing taxa segmented filamentous bacteria. Furthermore, the microbiota was required for PTH to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass, and this was dependent on bacterial production of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. We review current knowledge on the relationship between phosphate, microbiota and CKD-MBD. Topics include microbial bioactive compounds of special interest in CKD, the impact of dietary phosphate and phosphate binders on the gut microbiota, the modulation of CKD-MBD by the microbiota and the potential therapeutic use of microbiota to treat CKD-MBD through the clinical translation of concepts from other fields of science such as the optimization of phosphorus utilization and the use of phosphate-accumulating organisms. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 860329, FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI18/01366, PI20/00744, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid en Biomedicina B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM

Altres ajuts: This is an investigator-initiated RCT that has been up to now funded by the European Renal Association (Research Programme, ERA-EDTA), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Government) through specific research projects and the Spanish Renal Research Network (REDINREN, RD 012/0021). ; Patients with primary membranous nephropathy (MN) and persistent nephrotic syndrome have a high risk of progression to end-stage renal disease. The Ponticelli protocol (steroids with alkylating agents) is the most effective immunosuppressive therapy for this condition, but it has severe adverse effects. Tacrolimus and rituximab have demonstrated efficacy for remission of nephrotic syndrome in MN with a safer profile. However, the published evidence is largely based on small or short-term observational studies, historical cohorts, comparisons with conservative therapy or clinical trials without appropriate control groups, and there is no head-to-head comparison with the Ponticelli protocol. The STARMEN randomized clinical trial will compare the efficacy of sequential tacrolimus-rituximab therapy with a modified Ponticelli protocol (steroids plus cyclophosphamide). The trial will also evaluate the role of antibodies against the M-type phospholipase A receptor (anti-PLAR) and other antibodies as markers of response to treatment and long-term prognosis. The trial has already started with 23 patients having been enrolled as of 1 April 2015, an estimated 21.7% of the estimated sample.