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Las palabras clave están en castellano y en inglés, de las cuales algunas están en el MESCH de Medline. ; De qué hablamos cuando hablamos de políticas públicas. Generalmente, lo relacionamos más hacia los entes burocráticos que hacia los ciudadanos y la participación de estos en las decisiones públicas. Por otra parte, entender los documentos de sobre funciones políticas por parte de los ciudadanos, tampoco es tarea fácil, lo consideramos letra muerta y un tanto, farragosos de leer. Siendo las políticas públicas las que impactan a nuestra calidad de vida, comprender los programas con lo que los gobiernos pretenden mejorar nuestra alimentación y nutrición es esencial para el ciudadano de a pie. Y más, es esencial para los profesionales que trabajan en el sector salud tener un acceso más comprensible a las políticas, para poder llevar los programas y hacerlo más cercano a los usuarios. Desde el relato transmedia, buscamos formas creativas e innovadoras para que una variedad de nuevos usuarios tengan acceso a la información de manera divertida y comprensible. Por cuanto, aplicar esta estrategia de narrativa transmedia nos proporciona un nuevo enfoque global y multidisciplinar.

Paper submitted to the International Conference of Agricultural Engineering - CIGR-AgEng 2012: Agriculture and Engineering for a Healthier Life, Valencia, Spain, 8-12 July 2012. ; Within the current Spanish and Colombian environmental policies related to urban waste, the use of organic waste through composting for use as fertilizer for agricultural use is promoted. There is a deficient classification of waste and pollution generated by the mixture of organic residues and therefore the presence of toxic elements or compounds such as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). These compounds have bioaccumulating and biomagnifying characteristics and they move easily on air, water and fat. They have harmful effects on health and the environment, affecting food webs, food chains and can be precursors, as indicated by some studies, of infertility, cancer, obesity or diabetes (Porta, M., 2009). Therefore, and in order to meet existing regulations on POPs in urban compost in Spain and Colombia, a descriptive study was conducted to review legal texts and codes. This study concluded that there are health and environmental standards defining the maximum permissible quality limits to be met by the compost that is currently earmarked for agricultural use. That leads to an urgent need for political decision makers, researchers, scientific societies, academic and labor from different disciplines work together to regulate POPs content in the compost produced from organic waste.

Antecedentes: la obesidad es un problema de salud pública en España. Los medios de comunicación son una herramienta útil para la salud pública. Objetivo: explorar el tratamiento periodístico de la obesidad en la prensa escrita española durante 2000-2005, frecuencia de aparición, fuentes de información y enfoques, en relación con el contexto social. Materiales y métodos: análisis de contenido cuantitativo de 690 noticias publicadas en El País, El Mundo y ABC. Cálculo de frecuencias y odds ratio (OR) con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% y significación estadística. Resultados: incrementaron las noticias de 2000 (n=25) a 2005 (n=185). Se centraron en denuncias (36,4%) y magnitud del problema (15,7%), en detrimento de aquellas sobre iniciativas-estrategias políticas (3,8%). Destacan los hombres como fuentes informativas principales (75,5%) y las mujeres como primeras firmantes de las noticias (56,1%). Los hombres del ámbito médico-sanitario (OR=1,98;IC95%,1,11-3,57) y las mujeres del ámbito político (OR=2,54;IC95%1,46-4,42) tienen mayor probabilidad de ser la fuente informativa principal. Conclusiones: la cobertura periodística de la obesidad durante 2000-2005 aumentó, coincidiendo con el desarrollo de respuestas políticas en torno al tema. Principalmente, se denuncia el problema. Destaca la escasa cobertura periodística de iniciativas-estrategias políticas, sugiriendo incipiente interacción entre la agenda política y mediática. ; Antecedents: obesity is a public health problem in Spain. Mass media are considered a useful tool for public health. Objectives: to explore press coverage of obesity in Spanish newspapers between 2000-2005, taking into account the social context in relation to frequency of occurrence, main sources of information and focus. Materials and methods: quantitative content analysis of 690 news published in El Pais, El Mundo and ABC were performed. Calculation of frequencies and odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (CI) of 95% and statistical significance were performed. Results: press coverage of obesity increased between 2000 (n=25) to 2005 (n=185). Mainly it was focused on complaints (36,4%) and magnitude of the problem (15,7%) at the expense of news about initiatives-political strategies (3,8%). It was highlighted that men were the main sources of information (75,5%) and women as first signatories of the news (56,1%). Men from the medical/sanitary field (OR=1,98;CI 95%,1,11-3,57) and women from the field of policy (OR=2,54; CI 95%,1,46-4,42) were more likely to be the main source of information. Conclusions: media coverage of obesity in the period 2000-2005 increased, coinciding with the development of policy responses on this issue. Mainly, the news has reported the existence of the problem. It highlights the limited coverage of initiatives-policy strategies that could be related to an incipient interaction between the political and the media agenda.

The possible effect of Government Consumption (a component of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) on attainment of the hunger Millennium Development Goal (MDG1) was analyzed by evaluating the effect of macroeconomic, social, demographic and policy variables on average undernourished population. Eighty-four developing countries with data available on undernourished population were included in an ecological study. Regression models were applied to explore possible determinants of Undernourished between 1990 and 2004 and consequent achievement of the projected 2004 MDG1. In 2004, 1.4% of the overall undernourished population in the studied countries [70.16 million people] was in excess of the projected level required to meet MDG1. The multiple linear regression showed significant associations between Undernourished and poverty levels, the Gini Index, rural population and Government Consumption. The multiple logistic regression showed significant associations between achievement of projected 2004 MDG1 levels and Government Consumption and the Gini Index. The significant associations between Undernourished and Government Consumption suggest that the effects of GDP components on social conditions call for more thorough research and that policymakers such as governments and international financial institutions need to ensure that changes in distributive and redistributive policies do not negatively affect the possibility of achieving MDG1.

Fundamentos: Existe una gran diferencia entre el consumo de agua y las bebidas que contiene agua (bebidas carbonatadas, azucaradas, zumos o bebidas alcohólicas). El consumo de estas bebidas está relacionado con el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas (obesidad, diabetes tipo 2, hipertensión arterial o dislipemias). El objetivo es determinar la frecuencia de consumo de bebidas de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Alicante. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Población 26.273 estudiantes. Se seleccionaron 396 mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Se utilizó un cuestionario frecuencia consumo para estimar la ingesta individual. Variables: bebidas (n=12) y frecuencia de consumo (n=4). Resultados: El 29,6% de hombres y el 13,0% de mujeres consumen bebidas carbonatadas con azúcar a diario (p-valor<0,001). El consumo diario de vino es nulo. El 41,4% de la población consume cerveza y destilados semanalmente. El 76,1% de hombres y el 58,7% de mujeres, consumen alcohol como mínimo una vez a la semana, p-valor=0,001. Conclusiones: Los resultados plantean la necesidad de estudios epidemiológicos que orienten el desarrollo de políticas nutricionales dirigidas a reducir el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y alcohólicas entre la población joven. Mediante un trabajo conjunto entre las autoridades gubernamentales, medios de comunicación, industria alimentaria y la sociedad en general. ; Background: There is a difference between drinking water and water-containing drinks (soft drinks, sugary juices or alcoholic beverages). The consumption of these beverages is related to the development of chronic diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia). The objective is to determine the frequency of consumption of different types of drinks of students at the University of Alicante. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. From a population of 26,273 students, a sample of 396 was selected by simple random sampling. Frequency questionnaire was used to estimate beverage consumption, including as variables beverages (n = 12) and frequency of consumption (n = 4). Results: 29.6% of men and 13.0% of women consumed sugary soft drinks daily (p-value <0.001). Daily consumption of wine is null. The 41.4% of the population consumed beer and spirits weekly. 76.1% of men and 58.7% of women consumed alcohol at least once a week, p-value = 0.001. Conclusions: The results suggest the need for epidemiological studies to guide the development of nutrition policies aimed at reducing consumption of sugary drinks and alcohol among young people through a partnership between government authorities, media, food industry and society in general.

Existe preocupación por la influencia de los determinantes sociales relacionados con la publicidad, la comunicación y la información sobre la selección de productos alimenticios para conseguir una alimentación saludable y segura. Desde este punto de vista, la legislación española normaliza este aspecto, a través del Reglamento Europeo 1924/2006 (RE1924/2006). El objetivo es asegurar y favorecer el acceso a alimentos inocuos que beneficien la salud y, evitar que la información recibida por los consumidores sea inexacta, ambigua o engañosa. El Reglamento pretende impedir que se atribuyan propiedades nutritivas y declaraciones de propiedades saludables a los alimentos sin razón o sin que exista suficiente evidencia científica. En este sentido, un grupo de profesionales de la Universidad de Alicante en diciembre de 2012 llevó a cabo la Primera Jornada de Alimentación y Nutrición, organizada por el Gabinete ALINU de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Alicante, relacionada con actualizaciones sobre declaraciones nutricionales y de propiedades saludables y sus implicaciones en la salud pública. Por el interés y la importancia del tema, se presenta un resumen de las ponencias desde la postura de los diferentes agentes implicados: consumidores, Administración, industria alimentaria, dietistas-nutricionistas, la Academia y la Salud Pública. ; There is concern about the influence of social determinants related to advertising, communication and information on the selection of food for healthy eating and safe. From this point of view, Spain created the European Regulation 1924/2006 (ER1924/2006), its aim is to ensure and promote access to safe food that benefit health and prevent information received by consumers is inaccurate, ambiguous or misleading. The aims of regulation are to prevent nutritional and attributed health claims to food without reason or if there is sufficient scientific evidence. In this sense, a group of professionals from the University of Alicante in December 2012 performed the First Day of Food and Nutrition, organized by the Center Alinua of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, related to updates on nutrition and health claims and its implications public health. By the interest and importance of this topic, this is a summary of the position papers from agents involved: consumers, government, food business, the gremial's dietitian, the Academy and public health.

There is concern about the influence of social determinants related to advertising, communication and information on the selection of food for healthy eating and safe. From this point of view, Spain created the European Regulation 1924/2006 (ER1924/2006), its aim is to ensure and promote access to safe food that benefit health and prevent information received by consumers is inaccurate, ambiguous or misleading. The aims of regulation are to prevent nutritional and attributed health claims to food without reason or if there is sufficient scientific evidence. In this sense, a group of professionals from the University of Alicante in December 2012 performed the First Day of Food and Nutrition, organized by the Center Alinua of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, related to updates on nutrition and health claims and its implications public health.By the interest and importance of this topic, this is a summary of the position papers from agents involved: consumers, government, food business, the gremial's dietitian, the Academy and public health. ; Existe preocupación por la influencia de los determinantes sociales relacionados con la publicidad, la comunicación y la información sobre la selección de productos alimenticios para conseguir una alimentación saludable y segura. Desde este punto de vista, la legislación española normaliza este aspecto, a través del Reglamento Europeo 1924/2006 (RE1924/2006). El objetivo es asegurar y favorecer el acceso a alimentos inocuos que beneficien la salud y, evitar que la información recibida por los consumidores sea inexacta, ambigua o engañosa. El Reglamento pretende impedir que se atribuyan propiedades nutritivas y declaraciones de propiedades saludables a los alimentos sin razón o sin que exista suficiente evidencia científica. En este sentido, un grupo de profesionales de la Universidad de Alicante en diciembre de 2012 llevó a cabo la Primera Jornada de Alimentación y Nutrición, organizada por el Gabinete ALINU de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la ...

The consumption of nutritional ergogenic aids is conditioned by laws/regulations, but standards/regulations vary between countries. The aim of this review is to explore legislative documents that regulate the use of nutritional ergogenic aids intended for sportspeople in a Spanish/European framework. A narrative review has been developed from official websites of Spanish (Spanish Agency of the Consumer, Food Safety, and Nutrition) and European (European Commission and European Food Safety Authority) bodies. A descriptive analysis of documents was performed. Eighteen legislative documents have been compiled in three sections: (1) Advertising of any type of food and/or product; (2) Composition, labeling, and advertising of foods; (3) Nutritional ergogenic aids. In spite of the existence of these legal documents, the regulation lacks guidance on the use/application of nutritional ergogenic aids for sportspeople. It is essential to prevent the introduction or dissemination of false, ambiguous, or inexact information and contents that induce an error in the receivers of the information. In this field, it is worth highlighting the roles of the European Food Safety Authority and the World Anti-Doping Agency, which provide information about consumer guidelines, prescribing practices, and recommendations for the prudent use of nutritional ergogenic aids.

The consumption of nutritional ergogenic aids is conditioned by laws/regulations, but standards/regulations vary between countries. The aim of this review is to explore legislative documents that regulate the use of nutritional ergogenic aids intended for sportspeople in a Spanish/European framework. A narrative review has been developed from official websites of Spanish (Spanish Agency of the Consumer, Food Safety, and Nutrition) and European (European Commission and European Food Safety Authority) bodies. A descriptive analysis of documents was performed. Eighteen legislative documents have been compiled in three sections: (1) Advertising of any type of food and/or product; (2) Composition, labeling, and advertising of foods; (3) Nutritional ergogenic aids. In spite of the existence of these legal documents, the regulation lacks guidance on the use/application of nutritional ergogenic aids for sportspeople. It is essential to prevent the introduction or dissemination of false, ambiguous, or inexact information and contents that induce an error in the receivers of the information. In this field, it is worth highlighting the roles of the European Food Safety Authority and the World Anti-Doping Agency, which provide information about consumer guidelines, prescribing practices, and recommendations for the prudent use of nutritional ergogenic aids. ; This work has been partially funded by the "Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia" Grupo de Excelencia 19900/GERM/15.

Background: Education is a basic prerequisite for d/Deaf people's health. Deaf education varies considerably from country to country and we still know very little about the reasons for such variation. Objective: To identify international megatrends that influence the current Deaf bilingual education move (Deaf Bilingual–Bicultural education; DBiBi) worldwide. Methods: Using the Delphi technique, 41 experts in d/ Deaf education (nine Deaf, 32 hearing) from 18 countries identified, ranked, and rated international megatrends in DBiBi education. Results: The process revealed six main essential elements of the international implementation of DBiBi education and nine main barriers against it. The top five promoting forces in that list in order of priority were: (1) societal and political changes towards a growing acceptance of diversity and Deaf issues; (2) growing Deaf activism, self-awareness and empowerment; (3) scientific research in sign linguistics and bilingualism; (4) changes in the d/Deaf educational community; and (5) international cooperation. The top five hindering forces included: (1) the view of deafness as a medical condition with a technological solution; (2) phonocentrism and societal resistance to the unknown; (3) educational and d/Deaf educational policies; (4) DBiBi education weaknesses; and (5) invisibility, heterogeneity and underperformance of the d/Deaf population. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that social/political changes and a medical/social model of Deaf people's health can promote or limit Deaf people's educational options much more than changes within the education system itself, and that a transnational perspective is needed in deciding how best to support DBiBi education at a national and local level in an increasingly globalised world. ; Spanish Medical Research Council.

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, y dentro de éstos las Metas del Milenio, constituyen un plan operativo para la consecución de logros básicos dirigidos al alcance de la salud, la erradicación de la pobreza y el cumplimiento de los derechos humanos fundamentales. Sus ámbitos de acción representan un punto de entrada histórico para una eventual política social a escala mundial, donde la intervención intersectorial es imprescindible para la eficacia de ésta. La salud pública, por su naturaleza multidisciplinar, junto a la epidemiología política, constituyen herramientas útiles para contribuir a incrementar el conocimiento científico en el ámbito de la salud con relación a los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio. A pesar de la oportunidad que constituye este acuerdo internacional, se ha profundizado poco acerca de las dificultades, fundamentalmente políticas para su consecución. Por lo tanto, es necesario un cambio conceptual y metodológico basado en pasar de preguntarnos acerca de los determinantes sociales de la salud a cuestionarnos acerca de los determinantes políticos de los propios determinantes sociales. Esto supondría no sólo elaborar una taxonomía de las injusticias, sino encontrar puntos de entrada efectivos en las instituciones derivadas del poder político para aminorarlas. ; The Millennium Development Goals, and within these the Millennium Targets, constitute a working plan that strives to achieve basic goals within the field of health, eradicate poverty, and ensure compliance with basic human rights. Its scope of action represents a historic breakthrough as a step toward a possible global social policy, in which cooperation between the different sectors is essential for its efficiency. Due to its multidisciplinary nature, public health, as well as political epidemiology, can be used to help increase scientific knowledge in the field of health with respect to the Millennium Development Goals. Despite the opportunity that this international agreement provides, insufficient in-depth study has been carried out on the potential –mainly political– difficulties that could arise during its implementation. Therefore, a conceptual and methodological change is required so that concern does not simply center on social determinants of health but instead takes into consideration the political reasons behind them. To reduce inequality, not only must injustice be classified but effective ways must also be found to encourage institutions with political power to take part in this initiative. ; Observatorio de Políticas Públicas y Salud; Generalitat Valenciana y Universidad de Alicante.

Parte primera. Revisión de los controles de las regulaciones sobre la comercialización de alimentos y bebidas para la población infantil en España"- El objetivo general de este informe, enmarcado en el proyecto Polmark, es el de mejorar la compresión de los controles sobre el marketing de alimentos en los estados miembros de la UE. El objetivo propuesto es elaborar un documento que revise las disposiciones que afectan a la regulación de la comunicación comercial de alimentos dirigidos a la población infantil; de manera específica, las normas contempladas en el Código PAOS y su aplicación. Principales hallazgos: PAOS es el único texto normativo específico sobre alimentación, comunicación comercial y niños que se inserta dentro de la Estategia NAOS y, se centra en la regulación de cinco de las seis técnicas de comercialización y promoción de alimentos mencionadas por la OMS (dejando fuera el marketing en colegios) y se aplica a todos los canales que emitan mensajes cuyo público objetivo sea menor de hasta 12 años. PAOS contempla fórmulas y técnicas de comercialización (product placement, promociones, clubes infantiles) que no han sido incluidas en muchos otros códigos. En la línea de otros países de la UE para la instauración de controles en la promoción de alimentos para público infantil, España opta por la coregulación. Segunda Parte. "Opinión de los informadores clave sobre las opciones de política para la comercialización de alimentos y bebidas para la población infantil en España". El objetivo general es comprender las opiniones de los informadores clave sobre el desarrollo de políticas para la comercialización de alimentos y bebidas para la población infantil. Principales resultados en opinión de los Informadores Clave: Hay relación entre el aumento de la obesidad y la publicidad. La televisión influye sobre todo en la compra de determinados alimentos. Hay una opinión dividida acerca de si es suficiente la regulación de la publicidad de alimentos en España. Las principales opciones disponibles para la regulación de la comercialización de alimentos y bebidas para la población infantil corresponden a la legislación y la autorregulación de la industria. La legislación es la opción que debería aplicarse a las distintas acciones de marketing. La acción voluntaria individual de las empresas es un método de regulación ineficaz que precisa de un marco legislativo o una vigilancia externa. Y en la última parte se presenta un descriptivo de las variables sobre la organización para el Mapeo para el Desarrollo de la Evaluación de Impacto en Salud (Mapping for Health Impact Assesment) España", cuyo objetivo era explorar las respuestas de los informadores clave sobre el impacto en salud a través de la cuantificación del mismo, y aplicarlo a la comercialización de alimentos y bebidas en la población infantil. ; First Phase- WP4: "Review of regulatory controls on the marketing of food and drink for the child population in Spain". The overall objective of this report, framed in the Polmark project, is to improve understanding of controls on food marketing in the EU member states. The proposed objective is to develop a document to review the provisions concerning the regulation of food marketing communication directed to children, and more specifically, the rules contained in the PAOS Code and its application. Spanish key findings: PAOS is the only specific legislative text on food, shopping and child communication that is inserted into the NAOS strategy. PAOS focuses on the regulation of five of the six techniques of marketing and promotion of foods mentioned by the WHO (leaving out the marketing in schools) and applies to all stations that transmit messages whose target audience is under 12 years. PAOS provides recipes and techniques in marketing (product placement, promotions, and children's clubs) that have not been included in many other codes. In line with other EU countries for the introduction of controls on food promotion to young audiences, Spain opts for co regulation. So, with this formula, the industry is designated by the Government of juncture to develop, implement and strengthen the NAOS strategy in business communication. However, if after a period, is estimated that implementation of PAOS strategy is not satisfactory, an opportunity to support policy initiatives to the strategy is provided. Second Phase. "Stakeholders Views on Policy Options for Marketing of Food and Beverages to Children in Spain". General objective, Improved understanding of stakeholder views on the opportunities for policy development. Spanish key findings. According to the stakeholders: There is an association between advertising and obesity rates. Television influences the purchase of certain foodstuffs. There is a diferent opinion about whether it is sufficient the regulation of food advertising in Spain. The main options for the regulation of food and beverages marketing are: statutory regulation and industry self-regulation. Industry statutory-regulation is the preferred option for all marketing methods. The voluntary action of individual firms is an inefficient method of regulation that requires a legislative framework or external monitoring. The last phase is a description of the variables on the organization for the Mapping for the Development of Health Impact Assessment, Spain. Objective is Improved HIA stakeholder mapping methodology through the quantification of impact assessments, as applied to the marketing of foods and beverages to children. ; PolMark (Assessment of POLicy options for MARKeting food and beverages to children) ha sido financiado por el Programa de Salud Pública de la UE (Executive Agency for Health and Consumers) 2008-2010. Contrato No 2007325 (EAHC Project Contract No 2007325).

Objective: To explore the opinions of stakeholders on the potential of taxes or subsidies, as measures for tackling obesity in Europe. Design: Structured interviews using Multi-criteria Mapping, a computer based decision support tool. Subjects/Setting: 189 interviewees, drawn from 21 different stakeholder categories in institutionally matched groups across nine members of the EU. Measurements: A four step approach was taken, i.e. selecting options, defining criteria, scoring options quantitatively and weighting the criteria to provide overall rankings of options. Interviews were recorded and transcribed to yield qualitative data. Results: Taxation and subsidies were not favourably received, because they were considered difficult to implement. However, representatives of large commercial retail chains and public health professionals were most in favour of taxation, whilst representatives of public sector catering and nutritional/obesity advisory experts gave the most positive ratings to subsidies, and the trade unions rated both options more favourably than other stakeholder groups. In contrast, both options received their lowest scores from representatives of the farming industry, town and transport planners, the food processing industry and the advertising industry. Public health professionals were the stakeholders most frequently gaving the highest scores (3/9 countries), both for taxation (Italy, Spain and France) and for subsidies (Spain, France and Poland). Finland produced the greatest number of interviewees rating both fiscal options favourably. Conclusions: A decision to apply economic measures such as taxes/subsidies in the EU represents one possibly viable course of action, as part of an integrated and coherent public policy aimed at combating obesity. ; Supported by New and Emerging Science and Technology (NEST) research programme, financed by the 6th Framework Programme for research and technological development of the European Commission (contract no.508913).

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) se encuentran actualmente a mitad de su periodo de ejecución, siendo el año 2015 la fecha prevista por la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) para su alcance. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la situación actual en la que se encuentran los ODM a nivel mundial y analizar las barreras que estarían impidiendo su consecución para cada uno de los ámbitos de los ODM, así como valorar algunos de los indicadores evaluados. Para ello, se ha revisado la literatura científica publicada sobre los ODM en las principales bases de datos de ciencias de la salud y ciencias sociales, así como los principales informes elaborados sobre el tema por Naciones Unidas. Los estudios científicos en torno a los 8 ODM y sus 18 Metas permiten realizar un análisis crítico sobre la situación en la que se encuentra en la actualidad cada uno de ellos, identificando los determinantes que están impidiendo su consecución y las acciones que se consideran necesarias para impulsar el avance. Aunque a nivel global ha habido mejoras en algunas de las metas, la investigación realizada hasta la fecha muestra barreras a la consecución de los ODM, como el insuficiente peso de los estados de los países en desarrollo sobre las decisiones económicas y políticas, así como la incoherencia entre las políticas económicas y las políticas sociales y de salud. Por otra parte, África Subsahariana constituye la región con mayor desventaja, lo que supone que no alcanzará la mayoría de los ODM. España y los países desarrollados, además de aportar recursos, pueden contribuir a los ODM mediante la identificación y erradicación de las barreras que impiden su alcance. Esto significa promover unas relaciones económicas internacionales en condiciones de justicia social, apoyando un mayor poder de decisión para los países en desarrollo, y denunciando las actuaciones que incrementan las desigualdades sociales y el empobrecimiento de la población. ; The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are now at the midterm of their target period, as 2015 is the date scheduled by the United Nations Organisation (UN) for their attainment. The purpose of this article is to review the current situation of the MDGs worldwide and to analyse the barriers which are preventing them from being attained in each of the MDG areas, as well as to assess a number of the indicators evaluated. In order to do so, a review has been made of the scientific literature published on the MDGs in the principal health sciences and social sciences databases, as well as the most significant reports on the issue drawn up by the United Nations. The scientific studies on the 8 MDGs and their 18 Targets make it possible to undertake a critical analysis of the situation in which each of these Goals are found at the present time, identifying the determinants that are preventing the attainment of the Goals and the actions considered necessary in order to achieve progress. Although there have been improvements in some of the goals on a world level, the research carried out to date reveals barriers to the attainment of the MDGs, as well as the insufficient weight of the developing countries in the economic and political decision-making processes, together with the incoherence between the economic policies and the social and health policies. Furthermore, Sub-Saharan Africa constitutes the most disadvantaged region, which means that it will not attain the majority of the MDGs. Spain and the developed countries, in addition to contributing resources, can also contribute to the MDGs by means of the identification and eradication of the barriers preventing attainment. This involves promoting international economic relations under conditions of social justice, by supporting a greater decision-making power for developing countries and denouncing actions that increase social inequalities and the impoverishment of the population.