Suchergebnisse

El tema de las relaciones entre administraciones es un tema muchas
veces discutido, aunque su regulación real es siempre parcial y fragmentaria.
En 2015 a través de la LRJSP se han regulado las relaciones para los distintos
niveles de la Administración y se han adaptado las relaciones que figuraban en la
antigua LBRL. La base de estas relaciones se pone en el principio de lealtad. Este
principio, que no aparece en la CE, se deriva del deber de colaboración entre administraciones,
del que se pueden diferenciar dos tipos de relaciones: las relaciones
que se basan al menos en la voluntad entre dos administraciones y las que se
basan en la voluntad de una sola. Estos últimos son la coordinación y el control.
Coordinación y control tienen un carácter similar pero son un tipo de relaciones
diferente y se define la diferenciación entre ellas. Por último, se hace referencia a
la singularidad de las relaciones unilaterales entre las administraciones de las entidades
locales de la CAE, en las que el principio de autonomía local existente en
la CAPV hace que las relaciones se mantengan de forma bilateral.
Administrazioen arteko harremanen gaia askotan eztabaidatutako
gaia izan da, nahiz eta bere benetako arauketa beti partziala eta zatikakoa
izan. 2015ean SPAJLaren bitartez harremanak Administrazio maila ezberdinetarako
arautu dira eta TAOL zaharrean agertzen ziren harremanak egokitu egin dira. Harreman
horien oinarria leialtasun-printzipioan jartzen da. EKn agertzen ez den printzipio
hori administrazioen arteko elkarlanerako betebeharretik ondorioztatzen da eta
betebehar horretatik bi harreman mota bereiztu daitezke: gutxienez administrazio
biren arteko borondatean oinarritzen diren harremanak eta administrazio bakar baten
borondatean oinarritzen direnak. Azken hauek dira koordinazioa eta kontrola.
Koordinazioa eta kontrola antzeko izaera daukate baina harreman mota ezberdina
dira eta horien arteko bereizketa definitzen da. Azkenik, EAEko toki-erakundeen
alde bakarreko administrazioen arteko harremanak duten berezitasuna aipatzen
da, horietan EAEn dagoen toki-autonomiaren printzipioa dela eta harremanak alde
bikotasunera egiten dutelako.
The subject of the relations between admnistrations is an often
controversial topic although its real regulation is always partial and fragmentary.
In 2015, the Act for the Legal Regime of the Public Sector regulated relations for
the different levels of Administration and it adapted the old relations from the Act
of Local Regime. The basis for these relations is placed on the principle of loyalty.
This principle, which does not appear in the Constitution, derives from the duty to
collaborate among administrations, distinguishing two types of relations: relations
based at least on the determination between two administrations and those that
are based on the determination of a single one. These latter are coordination and control. Coordination and control are similar but they are a different type of
relation and the difference in them is defined. Lastly, a reference is made to the
distinctiviness of the unilateral relations among the local entities administrations
from the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country where the existing
principle of local autonomy makes the relations to be bilateral.

LABURPENA: Azken urteotan badirudi Toki Autonomia indarra galtzen joan dela beste printzipio batzuekin alderatuz, konkretuki aurrekontu egonkortasun eta finantza-jasangarritasunarekin. Bi printzipio hauek Toki Administrazioaren azkenengo erreformak baldintzatu dituzte. Baina aurreko urteko apirilean Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko apirilaren 7ko 2/2016 Legea (ETEL) argitaratu zen eta horrekin EAEko toki erakundeen autonomia indartzeko ahalegina egin zen. Lege hau da ahalegin horren produktua, eta horretan Toki Autonomiaren aldeko apustua egin da EAEk duen udal izaera eta garapena kontuan izanda. Gaur egun indarrean jarraitzen duen apustu horren adierazle handiak aurki daitezke legean zehar, Europako Toki Autonomiaren Hitzarmenarekin bat eginez eta udalerrien autonomia indartuz. Lan honetan toki autonomiaren adierazle diren ezaugarriak hartu eta ETELan duten isla aztertzen da. RESUMEN: Parece que en los últimos años la autonomía local ha ido cediendo fuerza en favor de otros principios como son la estabilidad presupuestaria y la sostenibilidad financiera. Estos son los principios que han impulsado las últimas reformas sobre la Administración Local. Pero en abril del año pasado se publicó la Ley 2/2016, de 7 de abril, de Entidades Locales de Euskadi (LILE) y con ella la CAV ha hecho un esfuerzo por impulsar la autonomía municipal. Esta ley es el producto de ese esfuerzo, donde a tenor de la naturaleza y concepción que la CAV tiene del municipio se ha apostado por la autonomía local. A lo largo de la Ley se pueden ver las expresiones de dicha apuesta que hoy día sigue en pie y que refuerza la autonomía local inspirada por la Carta Europea de la Autonomía Local. En este trabajo se van a tratar los indicadores de autonomía local y su reflejo en la LILE. ABSTRACT: It seems that during last years, local autonomy has yielded in favor of other principles as budget stability and financial sustainability. These are the principles that were bolstered by the last amendments on Local Administration. But last april it was published Act 2/2016 from April 7th on Local Entities of Euskadi and with it the Basque Autonomous Community has made and effort to bolster municipal autonomy. This Act is the consequence of that effort where in terms of the nature and conception that the Basque Autonomous community has over municipality, local autonomy has been fostered. Under the Act you can see expressions of that support that to this day stand and strengthen the local autonomy inspired by the European Charter of Local Autonomy. In this work we are going to deal with the local autonomy indicators and its expression within the Act on Local Entities.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought global mobility into the spotlight, with well over 100 countries having instituted either a full or partial lockdown by April 2020. Reduced mobility, whilst causing social and economic impacts, can also be beneficial for the environment and future studies will surely quantify such environmental gains. However, accurate quantification is intimately linked to good quality data on transport modal shares, as passenger cars and public transport have significantly different emissions profiles. Herein, we compile a currently lacking dataset on global modal transport shares for 131 countries. Notably, these are the countries covered by the Google Community Mobility Reports (plus Russia and China for their global relevance), thus allowing for a smooth integration between our dataset and the rich information offered by the Google Community Mobility Reports, thus enabling analysis of global emissions reductions due to mobility restrictions. Beyond the current pandemic, this novel dataset will be helpful to practitioners and academics alike working in transport research.

Achieving the ambitious targets set by Europe in its 2050 roadmap, moving away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy sources, while reducing carbon emissions, will require a radical change in Europe's energy system. Much of the action that will enable this energy transition to be realised in a democratic way is at the local level. It is at this level that many of the decisions regarding the energy transition desired by European citizens will have to be taken. The methodology used in this study is based on data collection, literature review, data validation and analysis. A part of this analysis will also be taken by the mPower project as a diagnostic baseline. The first finding of this research work is that energy transition data availability at the local level is quite low. Second, the local authorities are experiencing difficulties in decarbonising their energy consumption. Finally, the factor with highest positive relationships with other energy transition variables is the number of people employed in the field of energy transition. The results suggest that in order to lead a participatory energy transition, the workforce specifically dedicated to energy transition is a key factor, clearly differentiating it from staff working on the general energy field.