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Kazakhstan is now widely regarded as a key player on world agricultural markets, with considerable export potential in the wheat, beef and dairy sectors. Based on unique farm-level data covering all production systems currently relevant, we offer new insights into the constraints that hamper further economic growth and provide an assessment of the government´s agricultural development strategy. A frequently mentioned bottleneck is agriculture´s lacking access to finance. But most farm managers in the farm survey doubt that agricultural investments deliver a sufficiently reliable return required for credit funding and thus do not take loans. Despite the vast land resources, a lack of land supply is now the most cited constraint to farm expansion in the highly regulated land market of the northern grain region. Another set of constraints in wheat production is related to the market power of elevators, the vagaries of trading over long distances in an underdeveloped rail and seaport infrastructure, and the intervention activities of state agencies. In the cattle sector, there are significant problems in year-round fodder supply. The value chains for beef and dairy are bifurcated into an import-dependent chain for industrially processed products serving urban consumers, and a local chain of raw products serving rural consumers and urban bazaars. Recent modernisation strategies of the government tend to focus on the provision of subsidised capital, while they underestimate the knowledge and incentive problems inherent to a state-guided management of sector development. The government should rather focus on providing impartial, reliable and high-quality public services to the sector, making sure that the weakest links in food chain development are identified and private entrepreneurs are provided with the necessary incentives to strengthen them. Our evidence suggests that a bundle of measures improving the local institutional environment of agriculture is more important than massive state funding of certain production lines. ; Von internationalen Beobachtern wird Kasachstan eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle auf den Weltagrarmärkten zugeschrieben. Das Land verfügt über Exportpotenziale in den Bereichen Weizen, Rindfleisch und Milch. Basierend auf speziell erhobenen Betriebsdaten aller derzeit wichtigen Betriebsformen untersuchen wir die Hemmnisse für weiteres wirtschaftliches Wachstum in diesen Sektoren. Darüber hinaus bewerten wir die landwirtschaftliche Entwicklungsstrategie der kasachischen Regierung. Ein häufig genanntes Entwicklungshemmnis stellt der fehlende Zugang zu Finanzierungsquellen dar. Die meisten der befragten Betriebsleiter bezweifeln jedoch, dass landwirtschaftliche Investitionen hinreichend verlässliche Erträge nach sich ziehen, um damit einen Kredit zu bedienen. Sie sehen daher davon ab, Kredite aufzunehmen. Trotz der enormen Flächenausstattung nennen die Befragten das fehlende Angebot an Nutzflächen das bedeutsamste Hindernis für Betriebswachstum. Ein Grund dafür ist der stark regulierte Bodenmarkt im Norden des Landes. Weitere Hindernisse für die Ausdehnung der Weizenproduktion bestehen in der Marktmacht der Getreidehandelshäuser (Elevatoren), den Unsicherheiten des Handels über große Entfernungen bei wenig entwickelter Bahn- und Hafeninfrastruktur sowie den Markteingriffen der staatlichen Behörden. Zahlreichen Rinderhaltern bereitet es Schwierigkeiten, ihr Vieh ganzjährig mit ausreichendem Futter zu versorgen. Die Verarbeitungsketten für Rindfleisch und Milch sind zweigeteilt. Ein von Einfuhren abhängiger Zweig für industriell verarbeitete Produkte bedient vorwiegend städtische Verbraucher. Ein jeweils lokaler Zweig für unverarbeitete Rohware beliefert vor allem ländliche Verbraucher sowie städtische Basare. Der Schwerpunkt der jüngsten Modernisierungsstrategien der Regierung liegt auf der Bereitstellung von Kreditsubventionen, während sie die Wissens- und Anreizprobleme einer staatlich gelenkten Steuerung des Sektors unterschätzt. Stattdessen sollte die Regierung sich darauf konzentrieren, unparteiische, verlässliche und leistungsfähige öffentliche Dienstleistungen anzubieten. Sie sollte sicherstellen, dass die Schwachstellen in den Verarbeitungsketten erkannt werden und private Unternehmer mit den nötigen Anreizen versorgen, um sie zu stärken. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein Bündel an Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der örtlichen institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen der Landbewirtschaftung wichtiger erscheint als die massive staatliche Finanzierung bestimmter agrarindustrieller Produktionslinien.

Kazakhstan is now widely regarded as a key player on world agricultural markets, with considerable export potential in the wheat, beef and dairy sectors. Based on unique farm-level data, we offer new insights into the constraints that hamper further economic growth and provide an assessment of the Kazakhstani government's agricultural development strategy. Most managers in the farm survey doubt that agricultural investments deliver a sufficiently reliable return required for credit funding and thus do not take loans. In the cattle sector, there are significant problems in year-round fodder supply. The value chains for beef and dairy are bifurcated into an import-dependent chain for industrially processed products serving urban consumers, and a local chain of raw products serving rural consumers and urban bazaars. The government's modernisation strategy focuses on providing subsidised capital, but underestimates the knowledge and incentive problems inherent to such measures. The government should rather provide impartial and reliable public services to the sector, ensuring that the weakest links in food chain development are identified and private entrepreneurs are incentivised to strengthen them. Our evidence suggests that a bundle of measures designed to improve the local institutional environment of agriculture is more important than massive state funding of certain production lines.

Kazakhstan is now widely regarded as a key player on world agricultural markets, with considerable export potential in the wheat, beef and dairy sectors. Based on unique farm-level data, we offer new insights into the constraints that hamper further economic growth and provide an assessment of the Kazakhstani government's agricultural development strategy. Most managers in the farm survey doubt that agricultural investments deliver a sufficiently reliable return required for credit funding and thus do not take loans. In the cattle sector, there are significant problems in year-round fodder supply. The value chains for beef and dairy are bifurcated into an import-dependent chain for industrially processed products serving urban consumers, and a local chain of raw products serving rural consumers and urban bazaars. The government's modernisation strategy focuses on providing subsidised capital, but underestimates the knowledge and incentive problems inherent to such measures. The government should rather provide impartial and reliable public services to the sector, ensuring that the weakest links in food chain development are identified and private entrepreneurs are incentivised to strengthen them. Our evidence suggests that a bundle of measures designed to improve the local institutional environment of agriculture is more important than massive state funding of certain production lines.

Kazakhstan is now widely regarded as a key player on world agricultural markets, with considerable export potential in the wheat, beef and dairy sectors. Based on unique farm-level data, we offer new insights into the constraints that hamper further economic growth and provide an assessment of the Kazakhstani government's agricultural development strategy. Most managers in the farm survey doubt that agricultural investments deliver a sufficiently reliable return required for credit funding and thus do not take loans. In the cattle sector, there are significant problems in year-round fodder supply. The value chains for beef and dairy are bifurcated into an import-dependent chain for industrially processed products serving urban consumers, and a local chain of raw products serving rural consumers and urban bazaars. The government's modernisation strategy focuses on providing subsidised capital, but underestimates the knowledge and incentive problems inherent to such measures. The government should rather provide impartial and reliable public services to the sector, ensuring that the weakest links in food chain development are identified and private entrepreneurs are incentivised to strengthen them. Our evidence suggests that a bundle of measures designed to improve the local institutional environment of agriculture is more important than massive state funding of certain production lines.

Используя данные, полученные в результате проведения анкетирования среди сельскохозяйственных производителей, мы предлагаем новые идеи касательно ограничений, препятствующих дальнейшему экономическому росту, и анализируем государственную стратегию развития сельского хозяйства. Большинство руководителей, принявших участие в анкетировании, сомневаются, что инвестиции в аграрном секторе обеспечат достаточно надежную отдачу, необходимую для обслуживания кредитов, и по этой причине не решаются их оформлять. В секторе крупного рогатого скота существуют значительные проблемы с круглогодичным обеспечением кормами. Цепочка добавленной стоимости производства говядины и молочной продукции разбита на две части: промышленное производство, работающее на импортном сырье и обеспечивающее городское население, и цепочку местного производства сырья, которое потребляется в сельской местности и поставляется на городские рынки. Правительству необходимо сконцентрироваться на обеспечении равного доступа к качественным государственным услугам в аграрном секторе, при этом необходимо выявить наиболее слабые звенья в цепочке добавленной стоимости и обеспечить предпринимателям стимулы для их укрепления. ; Kazakhstan is now widely regarded as a key player on world agricultural markets, with considerable export potential in the wheat, beef and dairy sectors. Based on unique farm-level data, we offer new insights into the constraints that hamper further economic growth and provide an assessment of the Kazakhstani government's agricultural development strategy. Most managers in the farm survey doubt that agricultural investments deliver a sufficiently reliable return required for credit funding and thus do not take loans. In the cattle sector, there are significant problems in year-round fodder supply. The value chains for beef and dairy are bifurcated into an import-dependent chain for industrially processed products serving urban consumers, and a local chain of raw products serving rural consumers and urban bazaars. The government's modernisation strategy focuses on providing subsidised capital, but underestimates the knowledge and incentive problems inherent to such measures. The government should rather provide impartial and reliable public services to the sector, ensuring that the weakest links in food chain development are identified and private entrepreneurs are incentivised to strengthen them. Our evidence suggests that a bundle of measures designed to improve the local institutional environment of agriculture is more important than massive state funding of certain production lines.