Suchergebnisse

Finding ways to reduce prejudice and discrimination is the central issue in attacking racism in our society. Yet this book is almost unique among scientific volumes in its focus on that goal. This important book combines critical analysis of theories about how to reduce prejudice and discrimination with cutting-edge empirical research conducted in real-world settings, as well as in controlled laboratory situations. This book's outstanding contributors focus on a common set of questions about ways to reduce intergroup conflict, prejudice, and stereotyping. They summarize their own res

These are exciting times for attitude researchers, with new measurement approaches, new models for the structure and organization of attitudes, and new research findings to re-invigorate the field. This edition captures the energy of modern attitude research, while maintaining scientific objectivity

This reflective personal account traces phases of the author's career where he saw psychology as relevant to major world problems. Chronologically, these problems included issues of international conflict, waste of energy and natural resources, human behaviors that caused environmental destruction, and the paramount threat of global climate change. Psychologists can make valuable contributions to describing, evaluating, and resolving these problems, and their vital importance should motivate the research and teaching of many psychologists. Our generation's success in achieving sustainable patterns of living on the Earth will determine whether the Earth will retain a livable environment for future generations. Brief suggestions are offered for approaches that may lead to more effective research and advocacy on crucial social issues.

The most serious long‐term threat facing the world is the danger that human actions are producing irreversible harmful changes to the environmental conditions that support life on Earth. If this problem is not overcome, there may be no viable world for our descendants to inhabit. Enormous changes to human lifestyles and cultural practices may be required to reach the goal of a sustainable level of impact on the environment—i.e., one that can be maintained indefinitely. Social science courses can aid in reaching this goal by teaching about environmentally responsible behavior. Such teaching should provide sound information and strengthen motivation and behavioral skills that are necessary to make the needed changes in behavior and lifestyles. This paper discusses major obstacles to the goal of sustainability, describes a variety of motivational approaches toward accomplishing it, and proposes that we should view the achievement of sustainable living patterns as a superordinate goal—a war against the common enemy of an uninhabitable world.

This experiment systematically compared the effects of simultaneous responding and sequential responding by subjects, using a 2 x 4 x 2 factorial design. The four strategy conditions were 10% Cooperation, 90% Cooperation, Tit-for-Tat (response- matching with a one-trial lag), and Free-Play (two subjects actually paired). The two PD matrices had average expected payoffs of $.00 and $.025 per trial. Subjects were 160 college freshman women volunteers who served in groups of two or four and were paid for their participation. Overall cooperation was moderately high (56%). The significant findings were a strategy effect (10% Cooperation lowest, then 90% Cooperation, Free-Play, Tit-for-Tat highest), an increase in cooperation across the fifty trials, an interaction of trials with strategies, and an interaction of matrices with response procedures. The latter finding supports the experimental hypothesis that simultaneous and sequential responding do not have equivalent effects.