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The focus of this paper is on how transnational relations of Somali-Swedes shapes their onward immigration to the United Kingdom and intervenes in their educational and labour market career. The data for the study was collected using ethnographic interview methods in multiple locations: Stockholm, London and Birmingham and analysed using the concept of imagination as a social practice. The results of this study show that onward immigration of Somali-Swedes has multiple agendas, and more importantly it is contingent on the political, cultural and economic structure of opportunities of category embedded in the transnational spaces.

1. Introduction: Integration in and through Education and Employment -- PART I THE SWEDISH CONTEXT -- 2. Migrants Successfully Accessing their Vocation in Sweden: The Significance of Labour Market Initiatives to Facilitate the Integration -- 3. Understanding Recognition of Prior Learning as a Tool for the Labour Market Integration of Skilled Migrants -- 4. Potential, Actuality or Vulnerability? The Importance of Recognition in Career Counselling for Newly Arrived Migrants -- 5. Important Encounters for Education and Employment -- 6. Education for Access to The Swedish Labour Market and Society: A Historical Comparison of Practices for the Integration of Immigrants in the 1960s and Early 2000s -- 7. Integration as a Conceptual Resource When Studying Skilled Migrants in the Workplace -- 8. Integration and the Art of Making a Society – The Case of Swedish Society -- PART II THE SWISS AND NORWEGIAN CONTEXTS -- 9. Successful Integration of Refugees in Vocational Education and Training: Experiences from a New Pre-Vocational Programme -- 10. 'Open Sesame': Skilled Immigrants' Experiences with Bridging Programmes in the Validation Process in Norway -- 11. Multicultural Perspectives in Driving Instructor Education and Driving Schools for Professional Drivers in Norway -- 12. Concluding Remarks.

The position of refugees at different levels in the labour market has become the subject of heated academic and political debate in Sweden as well as in other EU countries. The debate generally revolves around factors that affect the macro level structure such as employment of refugees and their descendants, economic costs and the benefits of migration and integration. The position of underrepresented groups in the labour market is explained as a consequence of either discrimination or lack of relevant social capital, language skills, job search strategies and job skills, to name a few. This paper has two parts. First, we introduce the project, Integration and inclusion of migrants in and through their vocation and work. Then we explore literature and identify factors that can promote or hinder skilled refugees' access to their original vocation in Sweden. The systematic review points to several factors as central, such as networks, language and knowledge of cultural practices.

Abstract
Abamectin (ABM), a naturally fermented product of Streptomyces avermitilis, is applied to pest control in livestock and agriculture fields. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract (MOE) on biochemical changes including oxidative stress indices, immune response marker, lipid profiles as well as mRNA expression of immune related genes, and abamectin (ABM, 5% EC) residue levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (0.5 µg/l) for 28 days. Disturbance in liver and kidney biomarkers was markedly increased in ABM-exposed fish compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde levels in the liver and brain tissues, as well as the activities of glutathione-s-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxides, all increased significantly in ABM group. Additionally, ABM exposure increased the levels of interleukin 10 beta and growth factor gene expression. On the other hand, fish exposed to ABM had significantly lower serum alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein, glutathione peroxides in brain, glutathione in liver and brain tissues, lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, immunoglobulin M, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin 1 beta as compared to the control group. The recorded detrimental effects of ABM on tilapia have been overcome by the addition of MOE to the diet (1%) and ameliorating hepato-renal damage and enhancing antioxidant activity, innate immune responses, and upregulating the anti-inflammatory gene expression. Therefore, it could be concluded that MOE dietary supplementation at 1% could be used to counteract the oxidative stress, immune response disruption induced by abamectin exposure in Oreochromis niloticus, and reduce its accumulation in fish tissues.

Abstract
Background
In 2008, Somalia introduced an electronic based Early Warning Alert and Response Network (EWARN) for real time detection and response to alerts of epidemic prone diseases in a country experiencing a complex humanitarian situation. EWARN was deactivated between 2008 to 2016 due to civil conflict and reactivated in 2017 during severe drought during a cholera outbreak. We present an assessment of the performance of the EWARN in Somalia from January 2017 to December 2020, reflections on the successes and failures, and provide future perspectives for enhancement of the EWARN to effectively support an Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response strategy.


Methods
We described geographical coverage of the EWARN, system attributes, which included; sensitivity, flexibility, timeliness, data quality (measured by completeness), and positive predictive value (PPV). We tested for trends of timeliness of submission of epidemiological reports across the years using the Cochran-Mantel–Haenszel stratified test of association.


Results
By December 2020, all 6 states and the Banadir Administrative Region were implementing EWARN. In 2017, only 24.6% of the records were submitted on time, but by 2020, 96.8% of the reports were timely (p < 0.001). Completeness averaged < 60% in all the 4 years, with the worst-performing year being 2017. Overall, PPV was 14.1%. Over time, PPV improved from 7.1% in 2017 to 15.4% in 2019 but declined to 9.7% in 2020. Alert verification improved from 2.0% in 2017 to 52.6% by 2020, (p < 0.001). In 2020, EWARN was enhanced to facilitate COVID-19 reporting demonstrating its flexibility to accommodate the integration of reportable diseases.

Conclusions
During the past 4 years of implementing EWARN in Somalia, the system has improved significantly in timeliness, disease alerts verification, and flexibility in responding to emerging disease outbreaks, and enhanced coverage. However, the system is not yet optimal due to incompleteness and lack of integration with other systems suggesting the need to build additional capacity for improved disease surveillance coverage, buttressed by system improvements to enhance data quality and integration.