Suchergebnisse

Apresenta um método para realizar a identificação dos grupos domésticos e dos indivíduos nos painéis de domicílios da PNAD Contínua; dessa forma, aumentando a eficácia da identificação em relação a abordagens que se valham apenas da data de nascimento, da idade estimada e do sexo. Este método é feito por meio do aplicativo Pynad – instalado com o gerenciador de pacotes da linguagem de programação python – que, além de fazer os downloads dos arquivos da PNAD Contínua e de mantê-los sincronizados, monta e identifica os painéis e ainda acrescenta às bases de dados um conjunto de variáveis para facilitar o uso.

When countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) achieved their independence, formal social protection schemes established by former colonial powers were, to varying degrees, assimilated or mimicked by the State, particularly pension systems for government and formal-sector workers. These systems, however, have proven to be highly subsidised and regressive in terms of income distribution in the face of large segments of the population engaged in the informal sector (or rural work), who have remained excluded from formal social protection unless eligible for some social assistance programmes, mostly with lower coverage and benefits. In fact, a significant share of the social expenditure with a social protection function in most of these countries was assigned to universal or quasi-universal subsidies of fuel and staple foods. [.]

Integrating information for the purpose of articulating social protection policies is hard work. It requires a combination of political will, capacity for institutional cooperation, software development and direct communication channels with citizens. Because of this complexity, countries that pursue this objective often cooperate to exchange knowledge, and the Brazilian Single Registry (Cadastro Único), the backbone of some 20 social protection programmes, is frequently cited as a successful example of integration. By sharing the experience of the Single Registry, this text discusses some of the essential elements required to design and operate such instruments of social policy integration. It brings to light some of the challenges that are still being faced to fulfil the promise of greater integration among social protection programmes and to provide greater ease of access and respect to citizens. [.]

Yelisieiev, Kostiantyn: No foreign policy can be successful without a successful domestic policy. - S. 9-10 Chaly, Valeriy: To cherish stability and continuity in relations with Europe. - S. 10-11 Garrido, Vincente: Moving step-by-step towards European integration. - S. 11-12 Solonenko, Iryna: EU-Ukraine relations as a factor of security for Ukraine and its citizens. - S. 12-13 Osorio, Rafael: To further and deepen Ukraine-Spanish relations. - S. 13-14 Zlenko, Anatolij: New approaches to enhancement of stability and security in Europe. - S. 14-15 Acerete, Manuel: Strengthening multilateral cooperation to ensure stability and security. - S. 15-16 Lytvynenko, Oleksandr: To utmost use the tools of cooperation we have. - S. 17-18 Chalyi, Oleksandr: A neutral, non-bloc Ukraine as a key factor of a new cooperative European Security System. - S. 18-19 Shcherbak, Yuriy: Today, more should be said about European values. - S. 19-20 Pinto Teixeira, Jose Manuel: To jointly strengthen European and world security. - S. 20-21 Perelyhin, Yevhen: Joint responsibility for indivisible European security. - S. 21-22 Tarasiuk, Borys: To use the potential of cooperation with the EU. - S. 23-24 Shcherba, Anatoliy: To further and deepen Spanish-Ukrainian dialogue. - S. 24

"Global contributors discuss the theoretical controversies concerning the merits and demerits of affirmative action, and explain why affirmative action is needed in multi-ethnic countries. They analyze actual experience with affirmative action policies - their origin, nature and consequences - in nine countries"--