Implementing quality assurance in higher education establishments is the main focus of the reform process currently undertaken by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The reform agenda has involved attempts to improve academic quality and management processes in universities, technical institutions and colleges. The central challenge for the reform process is to produce change in higher education in a region where administration is described as centralized and bureaucratic. To make these changes, there should be a well-designed plans and follow up processes in order to monitor progress and develop responses to obstacles. Lack of skills, resources, political dilemmas, poor motivation, and readiness to face the consequences of change are factors which will determine the success of the reform process.
THE LAUSANNE TREATY WHICH WAS SIGNED ON 24 JULY 1923, FORMALIZED THE DE FACTO DIVISION OF KURDISH-INHABITED LANDS AMONG TURKEY, IRAQ AND SYRIA. THIS ARTICLE SHOWS WHY THE KURDS WERE USED AS PAWNS DURING THE LAUSANNE NEGOTIATIONS, HOW THEIR LANDS WERE FORCIBLY INCORPORATED INTO IRAQ AND TURKEY, AND FINALLY HOW THE LAUSANNE NEGOTIATIONS AFFECTED BRITISH POLICY TOWARDS THE KURDS IN NORTHERN IRAQ. LIGHT IS THROWN ON THE ROOTS OF THE PRESENT DAY KURDISH PROBLEM IN NORTHERN IRAQ.
The research aims to identify trends in satisfaction of the families of kindergarten children in regard to their upbringing, nurture, education and level of care. For families satisfied with their child's kindergarten experience, I.e.: the kindergarten teacher, their capabilities, the equipment available, the activities practiced by the children, the educational work in the kindergarten, the level of cooperation between the families and kindergarten itself, etc. This should shed some light on the relation between parents as well as the distinctions within the kindergartens themselves. The study sample consisted of 120 Individuals representing the families of children enrolled in the governmental kindergartens through the Ministry of Education as well as many of the typical kindergartens found in of Al-zhar, Al-Azhar Al-Sharif in Cairo and Dakahlia. To achieve the objectives of this study, they applied the questionnaire to members of the sample containing special words. The words were used to analyze what trends developed. The results of the study showed many positive responses from these families describing the degree of their satisfaction with the kindergarten represented. The study showed their level of satisfaction in communicating with kindergarten teachers and the importance of equipment used as well as the capabilities of the kindergarten itself in regard to the upbringing, education, and proper care of their children. General speaking, most of the responses were positive which reflected a positive vision for the levels of satisfaction that families had with their kindergarten. The results of the study explained the important role played by these trends in order to strengthen the communication between families and kindergartens. The responses have shown the importance of allowing families to express their concerns for their children enrolled in kindergarten as well as their satisfaction towards the kindergarten itself. This process is necessary in order to allow them to take stand on a lot of problems that exist in the kindergarten system, by allowing them to have an active role in the education of their children. Also, it showed the necessity of the interaction between the family and the kindergartens themselves to contribute to the overall upbringing. education, teaching, and care for kindergarten children
The study aims to determine the effect of population growth and unemployment status in Zanzibar from 1990 to 2020. Descriptive analysis was used to investigate the normality of variables used and VECM estimation was used to estimate the results. In long run, the findings from this study revealed that, population growth contribute positively to increase the unemployment problem by 5.2 percent, however, the GDP per capita and inflation shown to reduce unemployment problem by 0.3 and 0.7 percent respectively. For the case of short run, population growth, Inflation and GDP per capita found to have positive contribution to increase the unemployment problem in Zanzibar by 0.55, 0.01, and 0.22 percent respectively. The findings also confirm the presence of unidirectional Granger causality from population growth to unemployment. Therefore, the study concludes that, population growth is among the factor that increase the unemployment rate in Zanzibar. Based on the study results, it is recommended that, Government should emphasize family planning and human capital investment, since it leads to generate the healthier and skilled labours who can compete in labour market and easily employed.
