Suchergebnisse

This paper provides empirical evidence that helps to answer several key questions relating to the extent of urban sprawl in Europe. Building on the monocentric city model, this study uses existing data sources to derive a set of panel data for 282 European cities at three time points (1990, 2000 and 2006). Two indices of urban sprawl are calculated that, respectively, reflect changes in artificial area and the levels of urban fragmentation for each city. These are supplemented by a set of data on various economic and geographical variables that might explain the variation of the two indices. Using a Hausman-Taylor estimator and random regressors to control for the possi- ble correlation between explanatory variables and unobservable city-level effects, we find that the fundamental conclusions of the standard monocentric model are valid in the European context for both indices. Although the variables generated by the monocentric model explain a large part of the variation of artificial area, their explanatory power for modelling the fragmentation index is relatively low.

Widespread public support exists for the provision of natural amenities, such as lakes, rivers or wetlands, and for efforts to preserve these from agricultural pollution. Agri-environmental policies contribute to these efforts by encouraging farmers to adopt environmentally friendly practices within the vicinity of these ecosystems. A spatially targeted agri-environmental policy promotes natural amenities and may thereby affect household location decisions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent of these impacts on the spatial urban structure. We extend a monocentric city model to include farmers' responses to an agri-environmental policy. Our main findings are that the implementation of a spatially targeted agri-environmental policy may lead to some additional urban development, which could conflict with the aim of the policy. ; Il existe de manière assez répandue un soutien public destiné à la préservation d'aménités naturelles, telles que des lacs, des rivières ou des zones humides, qui s'accompagne d'efforts pour les protéger de la pollution agricole. Les politiques agri-environnementales contribuent à ces efforts en incitant les agriculteurs à adopter des pratiques respectueuses de l'environnement au sein de ces écosystèmes. Une politique agri-environnementale territorialisée favorise la préservation d'aménités naturelles, et peut ainsi influencer le choix de localisation résidentielle des ménages. L'objectif de ce papier est d'étudier l'étendue de ces effets sur une structure urbaine spatialisée. Nous utilisons un modèle de ville monocentrique dans lequel nous incluons le comportement des agriculteurs vis-à-vis d'une politique agri-environnementale. Nous constatons que l'introduction d'une politique agri-environnementale territorialisée peut mener à l'apparition de développement urbain supplémentaire, qui peut se révéler contradictoire par rapport à l'objectif même de la politique.

Widespread public support exists for the provision of natural amenities, such as lakes, rivers or wetlands, and for efforts to preserve these from agricultural pollution. Agri-environmental policies contribute to these efforts by encouraging farmers to adopt environmentally friendly practices within the vicinity of these ecosystems. A spatially targeted agri-environmental policy promotes natural amenities and may thereby affect household location decisions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent of these impacts on the spatial urban structure. We extend a monocentric city model to include farmers' responses to an agri-environmental policy. Our main findings are that the implementation of a spatially targeted agri-environmental policy may lead to some additional urban development, which could conflict with the aim of the policy. ; Il existe de manière assez répandue un soutien public destiné à la préservation d'aménités naturelles, telles que des lacs, des rivières ou des zones humides, qui s'accompagne d'efforts pour les protéger de la pollution agricole. Les politiques agri-environnementales contribuent à ces efforts en incitant les agriculteurs à adopter des pratiques respectueuses de l'environnement au sein de ces écosystèmes. Une politique agri-environnementale territorialisée favorise la préservation d'aménités naturelles, et peut ainsi influencer le choix de localisation résidentielle des ménages. L'objectif de ce papier est d'étudier l'étendue de ces effets sur une structure urbaine spatialisée. Nous utilisons un modèle de ville monocentrique dans lequel nous incluons le comportement des agriculteurs vis-à-vis d'une politique agri-environnementale. Nous constatons que l'introduction d'une politique agri-environnementale territorialisée peut mener à l'apparition de développement urbain supplémentaire, qui peut se révéler contradictoire par rapport à l'objectif même de la politique.

Widespread public support exists for the provision of natural amenities, such as lakes, rivers or wetlands, and for efforts to preserve these from agricultural pollution. Agri-environmental policies contribute to these efforts by encouraging farmers to adopt environmentally friendly practices within the vicinity of these ecosystems. A spatially targeted agri-environmental policy promotes natural amenities and may thereby affect household location decisions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent of these impacts on the spatial urban structure. We extend a monocentric city model to include farmers' responses to an agri-environmental policy. Our main findings are that the implementation of a spatially targeted agri-environmental policy may lead to some additional urban development, which could conflict with the aim of the policy. ; Il existe de manière assez répandue un soutien public destiné à la préservation d'aménités naturelles, telles que des lacs, des rivières ou des zones humides, qui s'accompagne d'efforts pour les protéger de la pollution agricole. Les politiques agri-environnementales contribuent à ces efforts en incitant les agriculteurs à adopter des pratiques respectueuses de l'environnement au sein de ces écosystèmes. Une politique agri-environnementale territorialisée favorise la préservation d'aménités naturelles, et peut ainsi influencer le choix de localisation résidentielle des ménages. L'objectif de ce papier est d'étudier l'étendue de ces effets sur une structure urbaine spatialisée. Nous utilisons un modèle de ville monocentrique dans lequel nous incluons le comportement des agriculteurs vis-à-vis d'une politique agri-environnementale. Nous constatons que l'introduction d'une politique agri-environnementale territorialisée peut mener à l'apparition de développement urbain supplémentaire, qui peut se révéler contradictoire par rapport à l'objectif même de la politique.

This paper develops a spatial general equilibrium analysis of an agri-environmental policy in a suburban context. We present a static monocentric model of an open city where agricultural bid-rents and agricultural amenities vary endogenously in space. Amenities are valued by households and are thus a factor of urban decentralisation. This leads us to focus on the spatial effects of agri-environmental policies promoting amenities. The model characterises a suburban mixed land-use area where households and farmers share space. We provide theoretical evidence that agri-environmental policies are not adopted uniformly by farmers and that they impact on several city features. We highlight that the funding of an agri-environmental policy through household income taxation can modify urbanisation patterns. We also discuss its distributional aspects.

This paper develops a spatial general equilibrium analysis of an agri-environmental policy in a suburban context. We present a static monocentric model of an open city where agricultural bid-rents and agricultural amenities vary endogenously in space. Amenities are valued by households and are thus a factor of urban decentralisation. This leads us to focus on the spatial effects of agri-environmental policies promoting amenities. The model characterises a suburban mixed land-use area where households and farmers share space. We provide theoretical evidence that agri-environmental policies are not adopted uniformly by farmers and that they impact on several city features. We highlight that the funding of an agri-environmental policy through household income taxation can modify urbanisation patterns. We also discuss its distributional aspects.

This paper develops a spatial general equilibrium analysis of an agri-environmental policy in a suburban context. We present a static monocentric model of an open city where agricultural bid-rents and agricultural amenities vary endogenously in space. Amenities are valued by households and are thus a factor of urban decentralisation. This leads us to focus on the spatial effects of agri-environmental policies promoting amenities. The model characterises a suburban mixed land-use area where households and farmers share space. We provide theoretical evidence that agri-environmental policies are not adopted uniformly by farmers and that they impact on several city features. We highlight that the funding of an agri-environmental policy through household income taxation can modify urbanisation patterns. We also discuss its distributional aspects.