Suchergebnisse

La necesidad de preparar al sector de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones para hacer frente a los desafíos que trae consigo el desarrollo de la convergencia en todas sus dimensiones, implicaba plantear un nuevo equilibrio entre la promoción del desarrollo competitivo del sector y el cumplimiento de los compromisos sociales de cobertura derivados de la naturaleza de servicio público que ostentan las telecomunicaciones. En consecuencia, desde comienzos de 2007 se trabajó, con una permanente retroalimentación intragubernamental y sectorial, en la estructuración de los pilares del Proyecto de Ley 112/07 Cámara - 340/08 Senado, que culminó en la sanción presidencial de la Ley 1341 el30 de julio de 2009. Este nuevo marco legal para un sector en constante evolución constituye un hito sin precedentes, que rompe con la tradición de más de diez años y seis intentos fallidos de ajuste legislativo e institucional.

Résumé Le gas release , processus par lequel un opérateur gazier historique rétrocède du gaz à des concurrents potentiels, a été mis en place dans de nombreux pays européens pour promouvoir la concurrence gaz-gaz, pour affaiblir la position de l'opérateur historique et aussi comme mesure de correction après la création d'opérateurs gaziers dominants suite à des fusions. Dans cet article, nous développons un modèle dans lequel le gas release est l'unique instrument considéré pour améliorer la concurrence sur les marchés du gaz naturel en monopoles locaux. Ce modèle est ensuite calibré au cas français afin d'évaluer l'impact de cette mesure sur le bien-être social.

AbstractTo mitigate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, different countries have developed computational tools and dashboards that generate value for decision‐making in public health. We aimed to build an interactive geographic viewer for vulnerability to COVID‐19 at the block level in Colombia to identify the location of populations that, because of sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions, could have more complications from COVID‐19 infections. The vulnerability levels of the different blocks of 1,102 municipal capitals were calculated. Additionally, the institutions that provide health services and hotels were georeferenced, and changes in people's mobility dynamics in large cities were identified.

The relationship between students' withdrawal and educational variables has generated a considerable number of publications. As the explosion of information in sciences and integration theories led to creating different curriculum designs, it has been assumed that differences among designs explain academic success and, therefore, students' retention. However, little attention has been given to examine explicitly how diverse designs influence dropout rates in practice, which questions if decisions to reform curricula are sufficiently informed. This article describes our curriculum reform, which exposes our former and current curriculum designs as having had dissimilar dropout percentages. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the influence of different curriculum designs on students' dropout rates. The conclusion is that dropout variations may be explained not only because of the curriculum design itself, but also because of the power relationship changes between teachers and students that brought out the design change. Consequently, more research is needed to fully understand the political implications of different curriculum designs and their influence on dropout rates.

9 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, 1 scheme, 1 chart. ; Two novel ruthenocene-C60 dyads, with a 2-pyrazoline ring or a pyrrolidine ring as a linker, have been synthesized with the aim of providing a simple model of natural photosynthesis. The photophysical properties of the two ruthenocene-C60 dyads have been investigated by steady-state absorption and fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence and nanosecond transient measurements in polar and non-polar solvents. The charge separation takes place in the ruthenocene-pyrazolino[60]fullerene more efficiently than in the ruthenocene-pyrrolidino[60]fullerene dyad. The lifetimes of the charge-separated states of the ruthenocene-pyrazolino[60]fullerene and the ruthenocene-pyrrolidino[60]fullerene dyads are 100 ns in PhCN. It was found that the ruthenocene-[60]fullerenes have an ability to prolong the charge-separated states compared with those for ferrocene-[60]fullerenes. ; Financial support for this work was provided by a grant from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia of Spain, FEDER funds (Project CTQ2004-00364/BQU) and the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (Project PAI-02-023). This research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the COE project, Giant Molecules and Complex Systems, 2002. This work was also supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area (417) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japanese Government. ; Peer reviewed