Suchergebnisse

With the collapse of socialism, the number of nongovernmental organizations in Eastern Europe increased dramatically, as part of democracy and capitalism building. In the West, NGOs have served as key players in shaping the response of the HIV epidemic, reflecting both the withdrawal of the state from service provision in line with neoliberal reforms and the activist roots from which many of these organizations originated. As a result, AIDS NGOs and the people who work in them are often characterized as engaging in an activist endeavor in order to affect social and political change that will enable better prevention and care. This article explores the extent to which a similar framework applies to AIDS NGOs in Poland and Eastern Europe, more generally, where the notion of "anti-politics" and disengagement from political activism remains strong. As they developed in Poland, AIDS NGOs have focused on caring for clients, cultivating a professional identity, and abstaining from politics, to the eschewal of advocacy activities on behalf of their clients. This orientation has implications for the types of HIV prevention programs these organizations offer, as well as the possibilities for collaborating with researchers and service providers from the West.

This article explores the history of HIV activism in Poland from the socialist period through the early 1990s transformation as a means of examining the reconfiguration of rights, obligations, and responsibility as Poland redefined itself as a market democracy. Drawing on archival materials, in-depth qualitative interviews with current and former HIV activists, and participant observation at HIV prevention organizations in Warsaw, Poland, I sketch the ways in which the socialist system's failures to protect the health of its subjects led to the terms through which state-citizen engagement was defined in the postsocialist period. Uncertainties and anxieties surrounding who was responsible for protecting the health and well-being of citizens in the newly democratic Poland gave rise to a series of violent protests centered on HIV prevention and care for people living with HIV/AIDS. Resolution of these political and social crises involved defining democracy in postsocialist Poland through claims to moral authority, in alliance with the Catholic Church, and an obligation by multiple stakeholders to disseminate technical/scientific knowledge. By comparing the responses to the epidemic by diverse institutions, including the government, the Catholic Church, and the fledgling gay rights movement, this analysis reveals the ways in which democracy in postsocialist Poland tightly links science, democratic reform, and moral/ religious authority while at the same time excluding sexual minorities from engaging in political activism centered on rights to health and inclusion in the new democracy.

[EN] The first example of a chemosensor (L) containing a selenourea moiety is described here. L is able to colorimetrically sense the presence of CN- and S2- in H2O: MeCN (75 : 25, v/v). Moreover, when L is loaded into functionalised mesoporous silica nanoparticles an increase in the selectivity towards S2- occurs via a selective fluorescence response. ; The authors thank the financial support from the Fondazione Banco di Sardegna, the Spanish Government, European FEDER funds (project MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047). A. Llopis-Lorente is grateful to the "La Caixa'' Banking Foundation for his PhD fellowship. Dr Tiziana Pivetta is gratefully acknowledged for help with the interpretation of the mass spectra. ; Casula, A.; Llopis-Lorente, A.; Garau, A.; Isaia, F.; Kubicki, M.; Lippolis, V.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2017). A new class of silica-supported chromo-fluorogenic chemosensors for anion recognition based on a selenourea scaffold. Chemical Communications. 53(26):3729-3732. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cc01214d ; S ; 3729 ; 3732 ; 53 ; 26 ; Lee, S., Yuen, K. K. Y., Jolliffe, K. A., & Yoon, J. (2015). Fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for pyrophosphate. Chemical Society Reviews, 44(7), 1749-1762. doi:10.1039/c4cs00353e ; Zhang, J. F., Zhou, Y., Yoon, J., & Kim, J. S. (2011). Recent progress in fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for detection of precious metal ions (silver, gold and platinum ions). Chemical Society Reviews, 40(7), 3416. doi:10.1039/c1cs15028f ; Zhou, X., Lee, S., Xu, Z., & Yoon, J. (2015). Recent Progress on the Development of Chemosensors for Gases. Chemical Reviews, 115(15), 7944-8000. doi:10.1021/cr500567r ; Zhou, Y., & Yoon, J. (2012). Recent progress in fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for detection ofamino acids. Chem. Soc. Rev., 41(1), 52-67. doi:10.1039/c1cs15159b ; Busschaert, N., Caltagirone, C., Van Rossom, W., & Gale, P. A. (2015). Applications of Supramolecular Anion Recognition. Chemical ...