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The present paper deals with the main economic trends of the late Eighteenth Century and their adaptation to Spain during the reigns of Charles III and Charles IV. Following primarily Adam Smith's economic theory and Campomanes' precise knowledge of the situation, Alexander Jardine carries out a very detailed analysis of the greatest problems and fosters some of the possible solutions for Spanish agriculture and industry. They include the reduction of taxes, the necessary agrarian reform and, above all, the change of the political regime and the disappearance of the present privileges. ; El artículo trata de las principales ideas económicas de finales del siglo XVIII y de su adaptación a la realidad española durante los reinados de Carlos III y Carlos IV. Partiendo de Adam Smith para el análisis de la teoría económica y de Campomanes para la descripción de la situación española, Alexander Jardine analiza los principales problemas del país y propone algunas soluciones para el desarrollo de la agricultura y la industria. Entre éstas encontramos la disminución de la fiscalidad, la puesta en marcha de la anhelada reforma agraria y, sobre todo, el cambio de régimen político y la disminución o desaparición de los actuales privilegios.

El artículo trata de las principales ideas económicas de finales del siglo XVIII y de su adaptación a la realidad española durante los reinados de Carlos III y Carlos IV. Partiendo de Adam Smith para el análisis de la teoría económica y de Campomanes para la descripción de la situación española, Alexander Jardine analiza los principales problemas del país y propone algunas soluciones para el desarrollo de la agricultura y la industria. Entre éstas encontramos la disminución de la fiscalidad, la puesta en marcha de la anhelada reforma agraria y, sobre todo, el cambio de régimen político y la disminución o desaparición de los actuales privilegios. ; The present paper deals with the main economic trends of the late Eighteenth Century and their adaptation to Spain during the reigns of Charles III and Charles IV. Following primarily Adam Smith's economic theory and Campomanes' precise knowledge of the situation, Alexander Jardine carries out a very detailed analysis of the greatest problems and fosters some of the possible solutions for Spanish agriculture and industry. They include the reduction of taxes, the necessary agrarian reform and, above all, the change of the political regime and the disappearance of the present privileges.

El artículo examina diferentes puntos de vista sobre el papel del monarca y el parlamento en la sociedad de finales del siglo XVIII, y se ocupa de los principales problemas políticos de los diferentes gobiernos de Carlos III. Partiendo de los planteamientos de algunos destacados pensadores contemporáneos como Adam Smith, Campomanes, Rousseau o Montesquieu, Alexander Jardine nos ofrece una perspectiva liberal de los problemas y nos aporta algunas posibles soluciones. Éstas se basan principalmente en una mayor representatividad democrática, el fomento de la libre competencia, la abolición de la Inquisición y la concesión de una mayor autonomía política y administrativa. ; This paper analyses different perspectives about the role of the monarch and parliament in the late Eighteenth Century. It also deals with the main political issues of the different governments of Charles III of Spain. Starting from the ideas of some outstanding contemporary thinkers, such as Adam Smith, Campomanes, Rousseau or Montesquieu, Alexander Jardine offers his liberal views and some possible solutions. They mainly include the fostering of free competence, the abolition of the Inquisition and political and administrative autonomy for Spanish colonies and regions.

The present article deals with several vicissitudes of British intellectual life in the late Eighteenth Century. This time, of great political upheaval, saw the creation of many societies, pleading for important reforms such as the ones implemented in France after the Revolution. The paper reveals different aspects of the political and social life of such notable characters as Sheridan, Fox, Godwin, Burke, Priestley, Wollstonecraft or Alexander Jardine himself, whose relationship with them is used as the linking nexus of the whole paper. These political reforms needed to be accompanied by some social changes such as a new and more active role for women, and their right for independence, education and the vote.

The present article deals with several vicissitudes of British intellectual life in the late Eighteenth Century. This time, of great political upheaval, saw the creation of many societies, pleading for important reforms such as the ones implemented in France after the Revolution. The paper reveals different aspects of the political and social life of such notable characters as Sheridan, Fox, Godwin, Burke, Priestley, Wollstonecraft or Alexander Jardine himself, whose relationship with them is used as the linking nexus of the whole paper. These political reforms needed to be accompanied by some social changes such as a new and more active role for women, and their right for independence, education and the vote.

This paper analyses different perspectives about the role of the monarch and parliament in the late Eighteenth Century. It also deals with the main political issues of the different governments of Charles III of Spain. Starting from the ideas of some outstanding contemporary thinkers, such as Adam Smith, Campomanes, Rousseau or Montesquieu, Alexander Jardine offers his liberal views and some possible solutions. They mainly include the fostering of free competence, the abolition of the Inquisition and political and administrative autonomy for Spanish colonies and regions. ; El artículo examina diferentes puntos de vista sobre el papel del monarca y el parlamento en la sociedad de finales del siglo XVIII, y se ocupa de los principales problemas políticos de los diferentes gobiernos de Carlos III. Partiendo de los planteamientos de algunos destacados pensadores contemporáneos como Adam Smith, Campomanes, Rousseau o Montesquieu, Alexander Jardine nos ofrece una perspectiva liberal de los problemas y nos aporta algunas posibles soluciones. Éstas se basan principalmente en una mayor representatividad democrática, el fomento de la libre competencia, la abolición de la Inquisición y la concesión de una mayor autonomía política y administrativa.

[ES] El artículo trata de las opiniones vertidas por uno de los mayores conocedores británicos de la realidad política y militar española de finales del siglo XVIII, Alexander Jardine, tomando como base los informes, hasta ahora inéditos, que éste enviaba periódicamente a su Gobierno durante su etapa de espionaje en España (1776-1779). En su opinión, la dependencia española de Francia y su fragilidad defensiva hacían improbable una pronta recuperación de Gibraltar e inútil una política de acercamiento por parte de Gran Bretaña. Ambos argumentos demostraron ser ciertos muy poco después. ; [EN] The present paper is about the opinions given by one the persons better acquainted with the political and military panorama of the late Eighteenth Century Spain -Alexander Jardine. It reveals the reports, yet unpublished, he was sending periodically to his Government during his stay as a spy in Spain (1776-1779). According to these, an early recovery of Gibraltar and a closer connection between Britain and Spain were very unlikely to happen, due to the Spanish dépendance on France and its defensive fragility at the time. Both arguments proved right very soon afterwards.