Suchergebnisse

Greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector are not yet fully included in the current international obligations on combating the effects of climate change. This is due to the fact that policy efforts have been mainly focused on carbon dioxide emissions from the energy and industry sectors. Nevertheless, the international community is already putting some pressure on scientific researchers to come up with reliable indicators to estimate emissions from other greenhouse gases. This further development towards integrative multi gas strategy approaches has allowed the inclusion of the agricultural sector in the political agenda, where gases like methane and nitrous oxide present considerably higher shares than in other economic sectors. Modelling alternatives for the estimation of emission factors, definition of policy instruments for greenhouse gas emission abatement as well as measurement of their economic effects are at this stage quite important for the coming multilateral negotiations. With this purpose a modelling framework covering greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources is developed in this research study. At the first stage, greenhouse gas emission inventories for European regions are constructed with the help of an agricultural programming model, which is modified by integrating estimation methodologies of emission factors for agricultural emission sources recently published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (United Nations). These are then used as base information for simulating at the regional level physical and economic effects of implementing uniform emission standards and tradable emission permits in European agricultural markets. Marginal abatement cost curves are also calculated for a wide range of emission objectives. The analysis shows how important is the combined selection of adequate instruments of emission abatement and feasible emission targets for the design of efficient emission reduction policies. ; Klimarelevante Gase - Emissionsbestände, Vermeidungskosten und Märkte für Emissionszertifikate in der europäischen Landwirtschaft – Ein Modellierungsansatz Emissionen klimarelevanter Gase aus der Landwirtschaft werden zur Zeit nicht vollständig in den aktuellen internationalen Verpflichtungen bezüglich der Auswirkungen des Klimawechsels berücksichtigt. Der Grund hierfür ist die Tatsache, dass die politischen Bemühungen sich hauptsächlich auf Kohlendioxid beziehen. Diesbezüglich sind sowohl der Energie- als auch der Industriesektor die Hauptverursacher. Trotzdem wird der Druck der internationalen Gemeinschaft auf die Wissenschaft größer, zuverlässige Indikatoren zu entwickeln, die die Emissionsauswirkungen anderer klimarelevanter Gase und Sektoren darstellen können. In der politischen Ausrichtung zielt diese Weiterentwicklung in Richtung einer integrativen Multigas-Strategie auch auf den Agrarsektor ab, da hier Gase wie Methan und Distickstoffoxid in höheren Mengen als in anderen ökonomischen Sektoren ausgestoßen werden. Die Quantifizierung der Emissionsfaktoren mit Hilfe von Modellierungsansätzen, die Bestimmung von politischen Instrumenten zur Verminderung klimarelevanter Emissionen, sowie die Abschätzung der daraus resultierenden ökonomischen Effekte, sind sehr wichtige Voraussetzungen für die kommenden multilateralen Verhandlungen. Zielsetzung dieser Studie ist es, einen Modellierungsrahmen zur Darstellung der klimarelevanten Emissionen in der Landwirtschaft zu entwickeln. Zunächst sind die vom internationalen wissenschaftlichen Ausschuss für Klimawandel (IPCC, Vereinte Nationen) kürzlich veröffentlichten Schätzmethoden zur Berechnung landwirtschaftlicher Emissionsfaktoren in ein Agrarsektormodell integriert. Somit werden für verschiedene europäische Regionen die Bestände klimarelevanter Gase (greenhouse gas emission inventories) ermittelt. Diese dienen dann als Basisinformation für die Simulation auf regionaler Ebene, mit welcher physische und ökonomische Effekte der Implementierung einheitlicher Emissionsstandards und Emissionshandel im Agrarsektor aufgezeigt werden können. Zudem sind Grenzvermeidungskostenkurven für eine große Auswahl von Emissionsbereichen berechnet. Die Analyse zeigt, wie wichtig die kombinierte Auswahl von Instrumenten zur Emissionsminderung und realistische Emissionsziele für die Gestaltung einer effizienten emissionsreduzierenden Politik ist.

This paper makes use of an agricultural sector model to analyse welfare effects derived from different national implementation options of the CAP Reform 2003. It shows that agricultural prices developed more favourable in a full premium decoupling scenario, since agricultural production declines more pronounced compared to a partial decoupling scenario. The use of the partial decoupling mechanism helps Member States to distribute income into less favoured areas but is not the optimal policy choice. However, if other Member States follow the same path of reform, a 'prisoner's dilemma' will most likely be observed: partial decoupling appears as the preferred option for individual Member States, since high domestic production and high producer prices would be expected, but this would lead to welfare losses for consumers and taxpayers. ; Este trabajo modeliza los efectos en el bienestar económico derivados de distintas opciones de desacoplamiento de las primas contenidas en la reforma de la Política Agraria Común aprobada los Acuerdos de Luxemburgo en 2003. Se observa como bajo un escenario de pleno esacoplamiento, los precios agrarios evolucionan más favorablemente que bajo un desacoplamiento parcial debido a una caída de la producción más pronunciada. El uso del mecanismo de desacoplamiento parcial permite a los Estados Miembros mantener determinados cultivos en zonas marginales, lo que resulta en una solución no óptima. Si los demás países siguieran el mismo camino de reforma, podría surgir un problema tipo «dilema del prisionero». La opción de desacoplamiento parcial aparecería como la opción preferida desde el punto de vista individual al asegurar una mayor producción doméstica y altos precios de producción. No obstante, a nivel agregado, el resultado sería una reducción de renta de consumidores y contribuyentes.

[EN] This paper makes use of an agricultural sector model to analyse welfare effects derived from different national implementation options of the CAP Reform 2003. It shows that agricultural prices developed more favourable in a full premium decoupling scenario, since agricultural production declines more pronounced compared to a partial decoupling scenario. The use of the partial decoupling mechanism helps Member States to distribute income into less favoured areas but is not the optimal policy choice. However, if other Member States follow the same path of reform, a 'prisoner's dilemma' will most likely be observed: partial decoupling appears as the preferred option for individual Member States, since high domestic production and high producer prices would be expected, but this would lead to welfare losses for consumers and taxpayers. ; [ES] Este trabajo modeliza los efectos en el bienestar económico derivados de distintas opciones de desacoplamiento de las primas contenidas en la reforma de la Política Agraria Común aprobada los Acuerdos de Luxemburgo en 2003. Se observa como bajo un escenario de pleno esacoplamiento, los precios agrarios evolucionan más favorablemente que bajo un desacoplamiento parcial debido a una caída de la producción más pronunciada. El uso del mecanismo de desacoplamiento parcial permite a los Estados Miembros mantener determinados cultivos en zonas marginales, lo que resulta en una solución no óptima. Si los demás países siguieran el mismo camino de reforma, podría surgir un problema tipo «dilema del prisionero». La opción de desacoplamiento parcial aparecería como la opción preferida desde el punto de vista individual al asegurar una mayor producción doméstica y altos precios de producción. No obstante, a nivel agregado, el resultado sería una reducción de renta de consumidores y contribuyentes. ; Pérez Domínguez, I.; Wieck, C. (2006). Welfare distribution between EU Member States through different national decoupling options - Implications for Spain. Economía Agraria y Recursos ...

The workshop 'Medium-term Outlook for the EU Agricultural Commodity markets' is an integral part of the intensive validation procedure of the results of the European Commission's report 'Prospects for EU agricultural markets and income'. It provides a forum for presentations on preliminary medium term projections of the most relevant EU agricultural commodity markets and discussing in-depth the EU prospects in a global context. This year the workshop was held on 22-23 October in Brussels. The workshop was jointly organised by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development (DG AGRI). Participants included policy makers, modelling and market experts from various countries, as well as stakeholders of the agri food industry. This document summarises the presentations and discussions on the macroeconomic and energy assumptions associated with this outlook, and on each of the EU agricultural markets addressed: biofuels, cereals and oilseeds, sweeteners, milk and dairy, meats and wine. Additionally this year challenges regarding international trade disputes, organic agriculture and climate change were also discussed. ; Published ; Proceedings of the October 2018 workshop