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"Due to high adult mortality and the custom of remarriage, stepfamilies were a common phenomenon in pre-industrial Europe. Focusing on East Central Europe, a neglected area of western historiography, this book draws essential comparisons in terms of remarriage patterns and stepfamily life with Northwestern Europe. Why were women in the 'east' more ready to remarry? What were the responsibilities of a stepfather or a stepmother? By drawing on quantitative as well as qualitative approaches, the book offers an historical demographical narrative of the frequency of stepfamilies in a comparative framework, and also assesses the impact of stepparents on the mortality and career prospects of their stepchildren. The ethnic and religious diversity of East Central Europe also allows for distinctions and comparisons to be made within the region. Remarriage and Stepfamilies in East Central Europe, 1600-1900 will appeal to researchers and students alike interested in the history of family, marriage, and society in East Central Europe"--

AbstractThe present study examines the effectiveness of moral‐exemplar interventions in the context of recurring oppression and historical trauma. Moral exemplars are individuals who have risked important aspects of their lives to save the lives of members of other social groups. In two experimental studies (total N = 405), we tested the hypothesis that presenting ingroup or outgroup moral exemplars improves intergroup relationships. We also tested the effects of the prototypicality of moral exemplars by manipulating the frequency of helping behavior in the perpetrator group. We used open‐ended questions to qualitatively investigate how participants viewed moral exemplars. We failed to find positive effects of moral‐exemplar interventions. The qualitative analysis confirmed that the in‐group moral exemplar could be used as an "alibi" to justify the in‐group's transgressions, while the outgroup moral exemplar was subtyped. Importantly, our findings do not invalidate, but complement, the moral‐exemplar intervention literature by offering insights into future work with such interventions.

In the current paper, we report the analysis of the relationship between meritocracy belief and subjective well-being using two large international databases, the European Social Survey Program (N = 44,387) and the European Values Study Program (N = 51,752), involving data gathered from 36 countries in total. We investigated whether low status individuals are more likely to psychologically benefit from endorsing meritocratic beliefs, and the same benefits are more pronounced in more unequal societies. Since meritocracy belief can function as a justification for income differences, we assumed that the harsher the objective reality is, the higher level of subjective well-being can be maintained by justifying this harsh reality. Therefore, we hypothesized that the palliative function of meritocracy belief is stronger for both low social status (low income) individuals, and for those living in an unequal social environment (in countries with larger income differences). Our multilevel models showed a positive relationship between meritocracy belief and subjective well-being, which relationship was moderated by both individual-level income status and country-level income differences in both studies. Based on these results, we concluded that the emotional payoff of justifying income inequalities is larger if one is more strongly affected by these inequalities.

Intro -- Contents -- Note on Names -- Acknowledgements -- List of Figures and Tables -- Abbreviations -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction Hungarian Medieval Economic History: Sources, Research and Methodology -- Part 1 Structures -- Chapter 1 Long-Term Environmental Changes in Medieval Hungary: Changes in Settlement Areas and Their Potential Drivers -- Chapter 2 Demographic Issues in Late Medieval Hungary: Population, Ethnic Groups, Economic Activity -- Chapter 3 Mobility, Roads and Bridges in Medieval Hungary -- Part 2 Human-Nature Interaction in Production -- Chapter 4 Agriculture in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 5 Animal Exploitation in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 6 Mining in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 7 Salt Mining and Trade in Hungary before the Mongol Invasion -- Chapter 8 Salt Mining and Trade in Hungary from the mid-Thirteenth Century until the End of the Middle Ages -- Chapter 9 The Extent and Management of Woodland in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 10 Water Management in Medieval Hungary -- Part 3 Money, Incomes and Management -- Chapter 11 Royal Revenues in the Árpádian Age -- Chapter 12 Seigneurial Dues and Taxation Principles in Late Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 13 Minting, Financial Administration and Coin Circulation in Hungary in the Árpádian and Angevin Periods (1000-1387) -- Chapter 14 Coinage and Financial Administration in Late Medieval Hungary (1387-1526) -- Part 4 Spheres of Production -- Chapter 15 The Ecclesiastic Economy in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 16 The Urban Economy in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 17 The Medieval Market Town and Its Economy -- Chapter 18 Crafts in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 19 The Economy of Castle Estates in the Late Medieval Kingdom of Hungary -- Part 5 Trade Relations -- Chapter 20 Domestic Trade in the Árpádian Age