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Examining the Boundaries of Contemporary Art: An Exploratory Study of Institutional Critique in Poland 1990–2015The article explores the practices of institutional critique in Polish contemporary art. A quantitative survey of cases of institutional critique reveals major problems faced by artists and their perceptions of the autonomy of the visual arts. Badanie granic sztuki współczesnej: Eksploracyjne studium krytyki instytucjonalnej w Polsce 1990-2015Artykuł prezentuje wyniki eksploracyjnych badań nad praktykami krytyki instytucjonalnej w polskiej sztuce współczesnej. Ilościowa analiza epizodów takiego rodzaju działań artystycznych ujawnia najważniejsze problemy twórców i twórczyń oraz ich percepcję autonomii sztuk wizualnych.

The terms "precariat" and "precarity" are often used in sociological discourse, although they have neither precise analytical definitions nor clear empirical indicators. The fault lies with their promoters, such as Guy Standing or Jarosław Urbański, who use the terms incoherently in their works. The authors attempt to systematize these concepts. They claim that "precariat" and "precarity" are variously understood and correspond to three related but separate levels of sociological analysis: (1) employment of the precariat as a macrosociological category; (2) the precariat as a framework for the mobilization of social movements; and (3) precarity as an experience. Different tools are used for each of these levels and each level makes it possible to view phenomena connected with the appearance of a precariat from a different perspective. The authors present the forms in which this phenomenon appears in Poland.

In recent years, Europe has experienced a rise in politics based on antagonism, often discussed from the perspectives of populism and the mainstreaming of the ideologies of the radical right. In this study, we argue that there is a need for an interdisciplinary, theoretically broader and more empirically focused approach that fosters understanding of these developments. To explore the causal factors, we focus on the enemy images that are constructed and diffused by politicians, and their specific historical and structural contexts. The paper thus has two main components: First, we review what political theory, research on populism and on the extreme right and social psychology say about the functions of the use and development of enemy images. Second, we highlight the contextual factors that we consider make the success of a politics based on enemy images more likely in Central and Eastern Europe.