Suchergebnisse

Abstract
This research aims to uncover linguistic and cultural features in dish names, also known as culinaronyms. The purpose of this study is to show how the culinaronym is structured, specifically to examine the link between the components of the name and its semantic diversification within the word. Additionally, this study will identify the characteristics of the culinary trends of an ethnic group based on the dishes of that language. The results exhibit that culinaronyms are created by linking, recreating, adding, and rotating its components. In addition, the modern culinary trend is gradually synching with the trend of developing life, the need for healthy living and the promotion of traditional values, combined with modern factors. The prospect that the topic will contribute to the study of culinary language, especially within the field of identifiers, is the idea that it will create a foundation for the study of culinary culture based on the linguistic features of dish names, and food of one nation or another.

Well-known trademarks have been recognized as one of the most important types of trademark in the trademark system as reflected in both national law and in international treaties. The legal regime of well-known trademark protection has been continuously enhanced and developed over time due to the increasing importance of well-known trademarks becoming known to a worldwide public as well as development of their role in the international trade system. However, these legal issues are novel concepts for many countries, especially in developing and least developed countries, including Vietnam. The thesis provides a comparative study of Vietnamese and European Union law in order to discover useful avenues that can be applied to Vietnam. In addition, the thesis presents a picture of the Vietnamese legal system for the protection of well-known trademarks, evaluates its achievements and shortcomings, and suggests specific solutions for improving the Vietnamese legal system for the protection of trademarks and well-known trademarks. This comparative research demonstrates that the Vietnamese legal system for well-known trademark protection has been well-developed due to the Government's efforts to learn and adopt from the experiences of other countries as well as in joining and internalizing the provisions of the international legal framework. However, such attempts have not yet been completely effective to create an advanced legal system for well-known trademark protection, especially in the context of globalization and international economic integration. In short, the protection of well-known trademarks is a complicated and sensitive field in modern trademark law. The author strongly believes that an understanding of the topic can be studied on a larger scale, such as in respect of comparisons with the US legal system or with those of other countries.

Abstract
Linguocultural approach is the new teaching direction in teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL). Based on this approach, students are aimed to form a linguocultural competence. Studying scientific research show that there is a lot of linguistic units that are suitable to help students in forming their linguocultural competence. The purpose of the research is to apply the topic "Russian culinaronyms" (known as the name of Russian food) in the formation of the linguocultural competence of Vietnamese students who are learning Russian as a foreign language. The research was conducted by surveying and interviewing 26 Russian teachers in Vietnam by verifying the applicability of theory and practice of the topic "Russian culinaronyms". The research results show that the teachers think that the application of this food topic in the formation of their linguocultural competence is appropriate with high survey results. Furthermore, it reveals the linguistic and cultural dimensions from Russian culinaronyms which can be used to form a linguocultural competence for Vietnamese students. The topic "Russian culinaronyms" can be applied in extracurricular sessions for language specialized students.

Objectives. This article seeks to understand the development of partisanship among Asian Americans since a significant portion do not choose either major party affiliation, but select an independent or a truly nonpartisan status. With a rapidly growing Asian‐American population, examining its pattern for both partisan and nonpartisan identification has been ignored. This research took a developmental process in which acquisition of any partisan affiliation/identification is a critical juncture for Asian‐American political incorporation. Therefore, considering contributing factors that affect the acquisition of any partisan affiliation as a precursor to specific Asian‐American partisan affiliation/behaviors is our direction.Methods. Using a logistical regression model and data from the Pilot National Asian American Political Survey, a category of variables, including sociodemographic, Asian‐American subgroup status, U.S. political orientations and attitudes, and experiences with U.S. society, are used to understand a partisan and nonpartisan affiliation.Results. This study reveals that aspects of socioeconomic status, political attitudes, and immigrant experiences are important, in varying degrees (especially Asian subgroup status) to understand partisan acquisition for Asian Americans. More so, Asian‐American subgroups, persons with lower educational and income levels, and participants in the labor force are less likely to assume a partisan affiliation. Levels of interest in U.S. politics and length of time in the United States do contribute to a partisan affiliation.Conclusions. Viewing partisan affiliation as a developmental process is an important research avenue to approach the Asian‐American community. The inclusion of not only sociodemographic variables, but experiences and evaluation of the U.S. political system, as well as recognizing the political "culture" of Asian‐American subgroups, provides a more complete understanding of the partisan acquisition process.

AbstractIndigenous scholars have much to teach political scientists about recognizing and addressing the ways in which power, politics, and colonialism irrevocably shape the data-generating process. In this article, we present a methodological framework for a decolonial quantitative political science, outlining how it was operationalized in the design and execution of the 2019 Native Hawaiian Survey. We demonstrate the utility of this methodological framework through a descriptive analysis of Native Hawaiian respondents' self-identification. Aligned with the theoretical insights of kanaka (Native Hawaiian) scholars, we provide empirical support for the intertwined political relationship between Native Hawaiian identity and national identity––a finding that demands further empirical study among all Indigenous populations. This article offers two main contributions. First, it provides a methodological framework to guide quantitative political science research on Indigenous populations. Second, it adds empirically to the growing literature on Indigenous self-identification.

BACKGROUND: Second-hand smoking (SHS) is associated with many health problems. However, its prevalence in the community population aged 15 years and older in Vietnam is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the prevalence of SHS in Vietnamese communities aged 15 and above. METHODS: This is a meta-analysis that reviewed studies of the prevalence of SHS in Vietnam published in MEDLINE, Scopus, Pubmed and the WHO library database between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. MedCalc was used to perform all the analyses, and publication bias was determined using funnel plots and Egger regression asymmetry tests. Q-test and I(2) statistic were used to identify heterogeneity across studies. RESULTS: There were 7 articles that met our inclusion criteria 2 surveys at the national level, 3 Cross-sectional studies and 2 Case-control studies) involving 184 921 participants. According to the meta-analysis, the overall random-effects pooled prevalence of SHS was 54.6% (95% CIs: 44.900-64.154) with a high level of heterogeneity (P = .0001, Q = 2245.60, I(2) = 99.73%). It is noteworthy that the pooled prevalence of SHS rose throughout the course of the survey years. Our research found no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnam has ratified the implementation the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004, there are still a large number of people who are adversely impacted by SHS. Given the tremendous cost that SHS imposes on health systems, our results underscore the critical need for the Vietnamese government to expedite an implementation of a set of stronger tobacco control practices, thus reducing the incidence of smoking-related illnesses and fatalities.

AbstractThere is growing affinity for audits as a tool to promote political accountability and reduce corruption. Nevertheless, knowledge about the mechanisms through which audits work remains limited. While most work on audits shows that they can work via citizen sanctions of bad performers, we emphasize that audit effects can also run through prospective incentives, that is, the desire to avoid poor audit results in the first place. We distinguish audits' impact on prospective incentives and sanctions using a field experiment in Ghana; districts were randomized into audit treatment conditions targeting district procurement and oversight of development projects. We assess the effect of audits on political officials using survey experimental data and show that officials respond powerfully to prospective incentives. In districts treated with top‐down audits, in‐party favoritism falls from 60 percent at baseline to 20 percent at midline, and rates remain at 19 percent at endline. This suggests that the audit's main effect occurred before the audit results were made public, and that prospective mechanisms play an important role in audit efficacy.

PurposeDrawing from institutional theory and organizational learning perspectives, the purpose of this paper is to examine how social norms of corruption in home countries and those in host localities influence firm bribery behavior. It also investigates factors that moderate the influence of these norms.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on survey data of foreign invested firms (FIFs) in Vietnam, conducted by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry between 2010 and 2018 along with Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index. The authors run ordinary least squares regressions to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe study provides evidence that social norms of corruption in both home countries and host localities influence firms' bribery behavior, but their effects are moderated by different sets of factors. Specifically, the use of local leadership augments the impact of the host province's corruption norms on the firm's bribe payments. By contrast, the relationship between the home country's corruption norms and a FIF's bribe payment is weaker if local leadership is used, and stronger if the FIF's home country belongs to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.Research limitations/implicationsRepeated cross-sectional data do not allow us to genuinely keep track of the changing roles of home country and host province corruption norms over time. In addition, the use of perception measures for corruption norms is subject to potential biases.Practical implicationsAs the hiring of local executives weakens the impact of the home country's norms which are embedded in the MNCs' general practices, a stronger learning measure and regular review of the headquarters' policies and practices is needed to ensure the overseas branch's compliance. For policymakers, it is critical to recognize that local corruption plays a role in shaping FIFs' bribery behavior.Originality/valueWhile the effect of social norms of corruption on firm bribery behavior has been recognized, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that examines the learning processes FIFs may take to make sense of and cope with these norms, and also the first one to specify factors that moderate the influence of these norms.

Adopting an Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management strategy requires an evaluation of pesticide risk for pollinator species. For non-Apid species, however, the standardized ingestion assays are difficult to implement. This hinders the consideration of non-Apid species in farm management strategies and government regulatory processes. We describe a new method for a mason bee, Osmia cornifrons, which is an important pollinator of apples and other fruit crops. Our approach overcomes high control mortality seen in other bioassay protocols and expands testing to include males as well as females. The new pesticide toxicity assessment protocol showed that (1) a group feeding method is optimum even though there is no trophallaxis, (2) males had better tolerance to pesticides although they are smaller, and (3) pesticides can cause additional mortality after the standard 48 h assessment time specified by European Food Safety Authority and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

"Corruption plagues all countries, be they democratic or authoritarian. Just as endemic are anti-corruption demands. In The Political Logics of Anti-Corruption Efforts in Asia contributors examine the political dynamics behind anti-corruption efforts. Examining seven cases across Asia--a region notable for its political diversity, challenging environment for fighting corruption, and multifarious anti-corruption outcomes--this volume suggests that anti-corruption strategy may be associated more closely with shifting bases of regime legitimacy than with regime type itself. Specifically, disagreements over what constitutes corruption, what enables corruption, and how to combat corruption not only offer premises from which political actors may challenge their opponents, but also shape the trajectories of anti-corruption efforts. Underlying these disagreements, furthermore, is contention over the basis of regime legitimacy, driven by three often competing, yet sometimes overlapping motivations: private interests, party loyalty, and political institutionalization. Examining the varying roles anti-corruption efforts play in solidifying or challenging democratic and non-democratic institutions and legitimacy, as well as the broader political and economic contexts that gave rise to these efforts, the case studies within this volume shed light on the divergent ways in which states control and respond to political elites and the society at large, and on how citizens from across strata understand and engage with their states"--

Phuc Van Pham,1 Hanh Thi Le,1 Binh Thanh Vu,1 Viet Quoc Pham,1 Phong Minh Le,1 Nhan Lu-Chinh Phan,1 Ngu Van Trinh,1 Huyen Thi-Lam Nguyen,1 Sinh Truong Nguyen,1 Toan Linh Nguyen,2 Ngoc Kim Phan1 1Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 2Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Vietnam Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading cancers in women. Recent progress has enabled BC to be cured with high efficiency. However, late detection or metastatic disease often renders the disease untreatable. Additionally, relapse is the main cause of death in BC patients. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are considered to cause the development of BC and are thought to be responsible for metastasis and relapse. This study aimed to target BCSCs using dendritic cells (DCs) to treat tumor-bearing humanized mice models. Materials and methods: NOD/SCID mice were used to produce the humanized mice by transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells. Human BCSCs were injected into the mammary fat pad to produce BC humanized mice. Both hematopoietic stem cells and DCs were isolated from the human umbilical cord blood, and immature DCs were produced from cultured mononuclear cells. DCs were matured by BCSC-derived antigen incubation for 48 hours. Mature DCs were vaccinated to BC humanized mice with a dose of 106 cells/mice, and the survival percentage was monitored in both treated and untreated groups. Results: The results showed that DC vaccination could target BCSCs and reduce the tumor size and prolong survival. Conclusion: These results suggested that targeting BCSCs with DCs is a promising therapy for BC. Keywords: breast cancer, breast cancer stem cells, targeting cancer therapy, humanized mice, targeting cancer stem cells