Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to study of the demographic shifts in Japan in the context of their impact on the transformation of migration and foreign educational policy. Some of them were permanent, others arose periodically and were caused by rapid socio-demographic and economic shifts in the Japanese society. The article analyzes the development of the demographic crisis in Japan at the beginning of the 21st century. This period is characterized by ongoing depopulation of the Japanese population, its active aging and unfavorable changes in the labor market caused by the spread of IT technologies and robotization of production. The article analyzes the worsening unfavorable demographic trends, which resulted in a shortage of labor, a decrease in the economic potential of the country, and an increase in the demographic burden on the working population. There have been studied the impact on the demographic processes in Japan of the factor of educational immigration, which is considered as one of the most appropriate resources for compensating for possible demographic losses in the population in the future. Legislative innovations and legal support of external immigration, as well as their practical implementation, have been studied. The results of the activities of the higher school of Japan in teaching foreign citizens and smoothing out the negative dynamics of the demographic situation in the country are presented. Of interest for further research is an in-depth study of the causes and identification of the consequences of the demographic crisis, as well as a substantive analysis of the economic and social effectiveness of changes in Japan's migration policy.

The article analyzes the dynamics of the total fertility rate in the Baltic countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) in comparison with Russia, Belarus and Ukraine for the period from 1960 to 2020. The birth rate in these countries, its change is considered in comparison with other countries, primarily European ones. Particular attention is paid to the period of increasing the birth rate in the 1980s, largely associated with the implementation of measures to help families with children, the 1990s, when there was a serious transformation of reproductive behavior and, accordingly, the birth rate due to changes in lifestyle and living conditions, as well as the modern period.

This study has been suggested by the huge importance of labor migration for the social and economic development of the South Caucasian post-Soviet space. Confronted with an unprecedented outflow of their citizens and acutely aware of the problems associated with migration of able-bodied population to other countries, Russia among them, these countries have arrived at a conclusion that their migration policies need reforms. The article analyzes the trends of labor migration from the South Caucasian countries to Russia and other equally popular destinations. The migration trends up to and including Russia's regions with the maximum numbers of labor migrants from the Southern Caucasus and the structure of their employment by industry are also analyzed. The paper contains statistics on the amounts of remittances sent by labor migrants from Russia to their homelands and assesses their impact on the economies of corresponding states. The cultural and economic contacts between the diasporas and the countries of their origin suggested a comparative analysis of their emergence and development. We have identified the typical industries preferred by representatives of each of the South Caucasian states in Russia, and the documents required of migrants to be employed in Russia. Conclusions related to the specifics of influence and the role of the diasporas in the structure of their employment are contained in the final part of our article along with the identified patterns and trends of these processes. Today, the situation on the market is unbalanced when it comes to job availability and the positions of members of these diasporas. The situation will remain the same as long as diasporas preserve their influence and the migration flows, their proportions. We have identified the most attractive regions in terms of job availability, the spread of migrants from the Southern Caucasus across the regions of the Russian Federation and the rivalry between Azeris, Armenians, and Georgians for jobs in various employment spheres.

PurposeThe goal of research consists in identifying trends in academic mobility in Russia and abroad, primarily that of academic staff; contributing suggestions on improving the management of academic mobility processes.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses methods of observation, comparative analysis, as well as statistical method and generalization method supported by the facts. A comparative analysis of statistical data is made; these data were taken from the publicly available reliable sources of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Human Resource Development Department of the Asia–Pacific and others.FindingsIt was found that the level of academic mobility rises with the rising level of education. The overall mobility of tertiary students – in particular, students and postgraduate students, is growing throughout the world. Mobile postgraduate students demonstrate better research results during training. Even short-term academic internships for postgraduate students contribute to the successful implementation of research projects at their host university and the spread of new knowledge in general. In general, academic mobility contributes to the accumulation of human and cultural scientific capital that makes a connection between research communities in different countries. Based on the research findings, it was found that no statistics are collected on the foreign academic mobility of postgraduate students and young researchers in Russia. Based on the analysis, it may be deduced that the scope of academic mobility is extremely small. European countries are the main countries of prevailing academic mobility.Originality/valueGiven the importance of participation in foreign academic mobility for the development of the competitiveness of national science in Russia, it appears that there is a need to monitor the foreign academic mobility of Russian postgraduate students and young researchers. The monitoring of foreign academic mobility of Russian postgraduate students and young researchers is a systematic observation of the status and conditions of training highly qualified personnel in Russian educational establishments and scientific organizations, providing educational authorities of Russia with up-to-date information on the status of outgoing academic mobility necessary for analyzing and forecasting the development of the national education system and national labor market.

Human trafficking in the Russian Federation is closely linked to irregular migration into which huge numbers of people from the former USSR have been drawn. The European Parliament's fight against organized crime and money found 880 thousand. Modern slaves in the EU, writes the German weekly "Der Spiegel", become familiar with its report. In this business was involved about 3,600 international criminal gangs. Only trafficking in human beings brings € 25 billion a year. Comparable income - € 18-26 billion - brings together trade bodies with a prohibited wildlife trade; the report said (Enslaved Europe, http://www.crime.vl.ru/index.php?p=4835&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1#more4835, 2015)). The author analyzes the problem of illegal migration, which became relevant in the present time in Russia. The data for the research was collected by employing statistical, sociological, cartographic and analytical methods. The report analyses the scale of trafficking for labour exploitation in the Russian Federation and its link to irregular migration. The system for the regulation of labour migration in the Russian Federation can be viewed as imperfect and currently incomplete, enabling the possibility for labour migrants to be actively drawn into human trafficking and labour exploitation by unscrupulous employers and criminals. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s1p621