Suchergebnisse

The aim of the research described in this thesis is to identify factors that contribute to incidents/accident in the Indonesian civil aviation industry. Three studies were undertaken. The first study comprised of an analysis of 97 official accident investigation reports, and was aimed at capturing the nature of the incidents/accidents. The key results are that Indonesia suffers a relatively high accident rate, with the most prevalent accident types being non-fatal Runways Excursions of jet aircraft at main airports, and Controlled Flight Into Terrain accidents in the highlands, these often being fatal. The second study implemented and analysed the results of a survey of 205 professional pilots currently flying in Indonesia, who have four different flight training backgrounds, being expatriate pilots flying for the Indonesian industry, Indonesian commercial pilots, Indonesian ex-military pilots and Australian pilots. The three pilot survey constructs (cockpit management attitude questionnaire/CMAQ, power distance index/PDI and approach and landing attitudes/ALA) are analysed to compare the four groups of pilots, and it is found that Indonesian national pilots from commercial and military backgrounds have a more cavalier and less consistent approach to safety than expatriate and Australian pilots. The last study comprised an analysis of interviews with 27 senior managers of the Indonesian aviation industry, including managers from regulatory bodies, air operators, training schools, the national transportation safety committee/NTSC and the national aviation weather agency. The manager surveys confirm that a substandard safety culture is believed to exist at all levels of management and agency, as well as in airline operations and training. The three following methods: descriptive, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and thematic analysis are applied for each of the study. To triangulate and discuss the core results of the studies, the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) conceptual model is applied, ...

The purpose of the study entitled "The Role of the Central Java Provincial Wage Council in Determining Regency/City Minimum Wages in 2020" is to determine the role of the Central Java Provincial Wage Council and the procedures for setting the minimum wage in 2020 by the Governor of Central Java Province. The research method used is normative juridical, which is an approach aimed at the study of legal issues from the aspect of applicable legal regulations, in this case in the form of the role of the Central Java Provincial Wage Council in seeking regency/city minimum wages in Central Java. Before the Central Java Provincial Wages Council was formed the name of the Central Java Provincial Research, Wages and Welfare Commission. With Presidential Decree No. 107 of 2004 concerning the Wages Board stipulated by the President of the Republic of Indonesia Megawati Sukarno Putri on 18 October 2004. In principle between the Research Commission and the Wage Council there are some differences, among others, regarding the requirements to become a member of the Research Commission and the Wage Board that the requirements to become members of research do not have to bachelor, while to become a member of the Wage Board must be a S1 as well as regarding the composition in the Research Commission the ratio between representatives of workers, government and employers is 1:1:1 and universities. While in the Wage Council the ratio of government, workers, and employers is 2: 1: 1 and universities and experts. In order to follow up on the Presidential Decree on the Wage Council, the Governor of Central Java Province issued Decree No. 560/61/2005 concerning the Establishment of the Central Java Provincial Wage Council. The Governor of Central Java Province also issued Regulation No. 31 of 2005 concerning Procedures for Proposing Members of the Central Java Province Wage Council. Governor's Decree Number 560/58 2019, concerning UMK of 35 Regencies/Cities in 2020 stipulated the highest wage in Semarang City of Rp. 2,715,000,-, while the lowest was found in the Banjarnegara district of Rp. 1,748,000. Determination of wages has been through existing mechanisms and refers to applicable laws and regulations. The minimum wage is calculated based on the formula of Article 44 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation no. 78 of 2015, in accordance with the Minister of Manpower Letter No. BM 305 Year 2019.

This article discusses the settlement of industrial relations disputes and termination of employment according to the applicable laws. Industrial relations disputes can be divided into two types: disputes over rights and disputes over interests. The relationship between workers and employers is a relationship that needs each other; workers need wages, employers benefit. However, in practice there are problems, so employers give Warning Letters I and II which are followed by Termination of Employment (PHK). The process of resolving this problem can be carried out through Bipartite, Mediation, or to the Industrial Relations Court. This paper is written with a normative juridical approach. The results show that the labor-employer problem is getting more complicated since the existence of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation, one of which contains the elimination of the city / district minimum wage (UMK) and replaced with the provincial minimum wage (UMP). The elimination of MSEs results in lower wages for workers. In fact, in the Manpower Act Number 13 of 2003, no worker may receive a wage below the minimum wage, because the determination of wages is based on the calculation of Living Needs.[]Artikel ini membahas mengenai penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial dan pemutusan hubungan kerja menurut perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Perselisihan hubungan industrial menurut jenisnya dapat dibagi menjadi dua: perselisihan hak dan perselisihan kepentingan. Hubungan pekerja dan pengusaha merupakan hubungan yang saling membutuhkan; buruh memerlukan upah, pengusaha mendapatkan keuntungan. Namun, dalam prakteknya terjadi permasalahan, sehingga pengusaha memberikan Surat Peringatan I dan II yang diikuti dengan Pemutusan Hubugan Kerja (PHK). Proses penyelesaian persoalan ini dapat dilakukan melalui Bipartit, Mediasi, atau ke Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial. Tulisan ini ditulis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan buruh-pengusaha semakin pelik seja hadirnya Undang-Undang Omnibus Law Cipta Lapangan Kerja yang salah satu isinya penghapusan upah minimum kota/kabupaten (UMK) dan diganti dengan upah minimum provinsi (UMP). Penghapusan UMK membuat upah pekerja lebih rendah. Padahal, dalam Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tak boleh ada pekerja yang mendapat upah di bawah upah minimum, karena penetapan upah didasarkan atas perhitungan Kebutuhan Layak Hidup.

Space regulation initially acts as the orientation for activities in space which primarily concerns with research and development. As space exploration progresses, the regulation took a more practical direction which covers not only civil but also commercial activities. In line with this, development in commercial space activities took place such as telemetrics, remote sensor, space transportation, space industry, space tourism, space insurance, etc. To ensure that the commercialization of space activities is performed in a peaceful and safe manner as well as in ways that benefit all people, regulations in the form of anticipative laws are needed. These measures cover legal issues. Space commercialization is closely related to many aspects of life such as politics, social, economy, and security and defense which have been experiencing rapid development in that the presence of regulation for modern space law regime becomes an absolute necessity.

Indonesia as a state of law based on Pancasila and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 guarantees equality for all before the law (equality before the law). In realizing the principles of law in the society and state, the role and function of Advocate as a profession that is free, independent and responsible is important, in addition to the judiciary and law enforcement agencies such as the police and prosecution. The problems in this dissertation are: (1) What are the basic ratiologic advocate violation of professional ethics Advocate? and (2) How does the concept of behavioral guidelines advocate in practicing a profession as legal counsel in an effort to control the Advocate in law enforcement? The method used is normative research enables researchers to utilize the findings of empirical legal science and other sciences for the benefit and the analysis and explanation of law without changing the character of law as a normative science. The method used in this research is the approach of legislation or statute approach, arguing that research must necessarily normative approach legislation, because examined are various rules of law as well as its central theme a focus of research. The results of basic research advocate consideration as a respectable profession and became an important part of chess dynasty law enforcement, Advocate has responsibility in undertaking to participate in the realization of the rule of law. The responsibility is not merely a necessity but a legally mandated obligations arising from the demands of conscience. The obligations of an advocate is reflected in the ability of responsible advocate against God, professional code of ethics, rules of law and society. Ultimately lawyer also required to be able to account for his actions to the public as an implementation of a sense of responsibility to God, codes and regulations. The concept of behavioral guidelines advocate in practicing a profession as a lawyer as Advocate control efforts in law enforcement by law or code of ethics which is already adequate, but rather on how to implement them. Relating to the existence of a single container and how to manage the Honorary Council (DK) Organization. Monitoring system needs to be upgraded with the supervision of the Advocate smoothed by the Advocate Organization with the Honorary Council to enforce the Law on Advocates and the Code of Conduct.

According to International Law, the aircraft crime which is often called as "aircraft hijacking" is considered as one of the crimes against humanity. It is totally condemned by international community because the impact of this crime devastates the humanity values, threatens lives, and destroys belongings. The motives underlines this crime may be derived from personal motive, hostage taking, political reason or being refugee. It is the state who has the full responsibility, based on international law, to resolve the case of aircraft hijacking. The effort to resolve this aircraft hijacking can be done through international networks, bilateral agreement and the extradition of those who commits aircraft hijacking. Keywords : Aircraft Hijacking, States Responsibility. Kejahatan penerbangan merupakan salah satu tindak pidana yang dalam Hukum Internasional sering disebut "Aircraft Hijacking". Kejahatan penerbangan tersebut menurut Hukum Internasional merupakan salah satu kejahatan kemanusiaan. Kejahatan penerbangan tersebut oleh komunitas internasional sangat dikutuk karena menghancurkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan, mengancam jiwa manusia dan merusak barang dan harta benda. Bahwa motivasi tindakan kejahatan penerbangan meliputi motif yang bersifat : pribadi, penculikan, politik dan pengungsian. Dalam rangka penanggulangan tindakan kejahatan penerbangan, berdasarkan hukum internasional, Negara mempunyai tanggung jawab penuh untuk mengatasinya. Upaya penanggulangan dapat dilakukan antara lain melalui kerjasama internasional dan ekstradisi pelaku kejahatan pembajakan udara. Kata kunci : Kejahatan Penerbangan, Pertanggungjawaban Negara.

Abstract Power as a political instrument to support strengthening of against corruption through the use of power was based on moral and ethical spirit attached to each holder of the power to eradicate corruption. Law as a tool of against corruption its work well when able to create a dynamic synergy of law enforcement with the perseption that corruption is an extraordinary crime that must be eradicated support civil society in stengthening of against corruption efforts is necessary as a moral force to ensure consistent implementation enforcement escorts. Keywords : power and law, strengthening of against corruption. Abstrak Kekuasaan sebagai instrumen politik mampu mendukung perkuatan pemberantasan korupsi sepanjang penggunaan kekuasaan tersebut dilandasi semangat moral dan etika yang melekat pada pemegang kekuasaan untuk memberantas korupsi. Hukum sebagai alat pemberantasan korupsi bisa berfungsi dengan baik manakala mampu tercipta sinerji yang dinamis antar penegak hukum dengan persepsi yang sama, bahwa korupsi adalah musuh bersama yang harus diberantas. Dukungan masyarakat madani dalam upaya memperkuat pemberantasan korupsi sangat diperlukan sebagai kekuatan moral untuk memastikan dan mengawal konsistensi pelaksanaan pemberantasan korupsi Kata Kunci : kekuasaan dan hukum, perkuatan pemberantasan korupsi.

Space Treaty 1967 merupakan landasan Hukum Internasional (Ruang Angkasa) atas pemanfaatan dan eksploitasi ruang angkasa termasuk bulan dan benda-benda angkasa lainnya. Pemanfaatan dan eksploitasi ruang angkasa tersebut dalam kenyataannya hanya mungkin dilakukan secara optimal oleh negara-negara maju yang memiliki sumber daya dan kemampuan teknologi maju. GSO merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam terbatas yang merupakan tempat strategis untuk penempatan satelit komunikasi. Satelit komunikasi pada dasarnya menjadi wahana utama dan sangat penting dalam mendukung berbagai kegiatan masyarakat dunia umumnya dan kepentingan nasional Indonesia pada khususnya meliputi aspek ekonomi, politik, sosial budaya maupun pertahanan keamanan. Dengan dilandasi semangat kerjasama internasional dalam memanfaatkan GSO untuk tujuan bersama bagi kemanusian dan perdamaian, disepakati prinsip kesetaraan akses di antara negara-negara. Perjuangan Indonesia bersama negara-negara katulistiwa lainnya melalui berbagai fora internasional terus dilanjutkan agar bisa mencapai pengaturan internasional atas pemanfaatan GSO lebih mencerminkan keadilan mengingat letak GSO berada pada posisi di atas ruang angkasa negara-negara katulistiwa.Space treaty 1967 is the international law of space based in utilizing and exploiting of the space including Moon and other space objects. The utilization and exploitation of the space is only conducted by the developed countries, which has the resources and developed technology. Geostasioner is one of the limited natural resources as a strategic place for communication satellite orbite. The communication satellite is the major vehicle to endorse many kind of the world people activities, and especially for the national interest such as economics, politics, social and culture, and also defence. The equal principle among states is based on the international cooperation in utilizing GSO for the human peace. Indonesia with other equatorial countries struggle through various international forum to search the international regulation in utilizing space above the countries.

Abstract Understanding the concept of state sovereignty over air space developed in three thought. Firstly, the principle there is no country that has sovereignty so that the air space can be used by anyone. Secondly, the country that has a space over her, gets the special rights over the freedom of the air which there is no limitation the height space limit. Thirdly, that the country has freedom of the air space, but hold a territory or territorial zone that gives certain rights to the country that has a space over her can be carried out implemented. The goal of research to investigate and analysis the regulation and accountability of the state in maintaining and protecting the state sovereignty over air space viewed from the perspective of international law. The approach used in this study is the yuridical normative in the sense that the study is based on analysis of the relevant civil aviation convention. Further more, described in the description of the support that is deductive with the library study. From the research and of the analysis results can be seen that thought of the concept of the sovereign state begins in three theories. Moreover, crystallized in Airspace International Agreements described in the International Civil Aviation Convention in Chicago, 1944, particularly, the nations of state sovereignty in the air, Article 1, which asserts "that the contracting states recognize that every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory". In terms of maintaning and protecting state sovereignty in the air, the state fully be responsible for the implementation. Key words : Area of State souvereignty, Airspace, International Law. Abstrak Pemahaman konsep wilayah kedaulatan Negara atas ruang udara berkembang dalam tiga pemikiran. Pertama, bahwa pada prinsipnya tidak ada Negara yang memiliki kedaulatan sehingga ruang udara dapat dipergunakan oleh siapapun juga. Kedua, bahwa Negara kolong mendapat hak-hak khusus atas kebebasan udara yang tidak membatasi ketinggian batas ruang udara. Ketiga, bahwa Negara memiliki kebebasan ruang udara, tetapi diadakan suatu wilayah/zona territorial yang memberi hak-hak tertentu kepada Negara kolong dapat dilaksanakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaturan dan pertanggungjawaban Negara dalam menjaga dan melindungi wilayah kedaulatan Negara atas ruang udara ditinjau dari perspektif hukum internasional. Pendekatan yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dalam pengertian bahwa penelitian ini berdasarkan atas analisis terhadap Konvensi Penerbangan Sipil terkait. Selanjutnya dideskripsikan dalam uraian yang bersifat deduktif dengan dukungan studi kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat diketahui bahwa pemikiran atas konsep wilayah kedaulatan Negara berawal dari pendirian pemikiran dalam tiga teori. Selanjutnya terkristalisasi dalam kesepakatan internasional sebagai-mana dimaksud dalam Konvensi Penerbangan Sipil Internasional Chicago 1944 khususnya pengertian kedaulatan Negara atas ruang udara, article 1 menegaskan bahwa "The contracting states regognize that every state has complete and exclusive sovereignity over the aisprace above its territory". Dalam kerangka menjaga dan melindungi wilayah kedaulatan negara atas ruang udara, Negara bertanggungjawab penuh untuk pelaksanaannya Kata kunci : Wilayah Kedaulatan Negara, ruang udara, hukum Internasional.

This article describes how telecommunication has a strategic role in national development, which requires a large amount of funding in Indonesia, in spite of the limited financial support from the government. The dynamics of telecommunication law has provided a clear direction, from monopoly to healthy competition. It is important for foreign investment to be an option that needs to be harmonized with the applicable law of telecommunication. Four main constructs have been identified as important issues to be discussed are Social Welfare (SW); Global Village (GV); Foreign Direct Investiment (FDI); and Law Telecomunication (LT). In conclusion, two quality actions are proposed to accelerate fair accesibility through law of telecommunication in global village setting. The first quality action is to accelerate SW through fair accessibility in GV setting and FDI. The second quality action is to accelerate SW through fair accessibility based on FDI and LT.

AbstrakProses produksi dengan menggunakan metode pengerjaan logam konvensional seringkali sulit terutama untuk produk masif, dimana peralatan dan produk seperti gaya dan tekanan tinggi diperlukan. Keterbatasan ini bisa diatasi dengan menggunakan teknologi terbaru yaitu severe plastic deformation (SPD), dengan metode spesifiknya yaitu equal channel angulatr pressing (ECAP). Perkembangan ECAP sudah mencapai tahap aplikasi produk, salah satu pengembangan metodenya yaitu model parallel channel, atau disebut ECAP-PC. Dalam aplikasi pembuatan komponen, diperlukan proses perlakuan panas material, bertujuan untuk mengubah sifat material. Perlakuan panas yang sesuai diantaranya adalah proses pelunakan anealling untuk pengerjaan komponen dan perlakuan panas jenis T6; artificial aging/age-hardening sebagai proses akhir, untuk penerapan aplikasi tertentu. Serbuk aluminium (Al) dengan campuran zirconium (Zr) diaktivasi secara mekanis menggunakan ball milling. Pencampuran menggunakan cairan etanol dan heptane untuk memudahkan pengeringan. Fraksi volume yang digunakan dalam komposit Al sebagai matriks dan Zr yaitu 97:3%. Serbuk komposit dilakukan penggilingan dengan proses ball milling menggunakan putaran 60 rpm selama 24 jam. Hasil perlakuan panas age-hardening menghasilkan sifat mekanik tertinggi sebesar 144-222 HV/1406-2177 MPa dibanding dengan jenis annealing yaitu 31-46 HV/301-449 MPa. Hal ini sesuai dengan tujuan dari perlakuan panas yaitu untuk menurunkan sifat mekanik agar material mudah diproses. AbstractThe production of conventional metalworking methods is often difficult especially for massive products, where equipment and products such as high force and pressure are required. This limitation can be overcome by using the latest technology, namely severe plastic deformation (SPD). By specific method, namely Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). The development of ECAP has reached the product application stage, one of the methods development is parallel channel model, or called ECAP-PC. Application of component manufacturing requires a material heat treatment process, aims to change the properties of the material. Suitable heat treatments include the annealing softening process for component work and the T6 type heat treatment; artificial aging/age-hardening as a finishing process for the application of certain applications. Aluminum (Al) powder and zirconium (Zr), mixture were activated mechanically by ball milling. Mixing processed using liquid ethanol and heptane for easy drying. The volume fraction used in the Al composite as a matrix and Zr is 97: 3%. The composites powder was milled by ball milling used a 60 rpm rotation for 24 hours. The results of age-hardening heat treatment produced the highest mechanical properties of 144-222 HV / 1406-2177 MPa compared to the type of annealing, namely 31-46 HV / 301-449 MPa. This is in accordance with the purpose of heat treatment, namely to reduce mechanical properties so that the material is easy to process.

Indonesia, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has as its national motto "Unity in Diversity." In 2010, Indonesia stood as the world's fourth most populous country after China, India and the United States, with 237.6 million people. This archipelagic country contributed 3.5 per cent to the world's population in the same year. The country's demographic and political transitions have resulted in an emerging need to better understand the ethnic composition of Indonesia. This book aims to contribute to that need. It is a demographic study on ethnicity, mostly relying on the tabulation provided by the BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik; Statistics-Indonesia) based on the complete data set of the 2010 population census. The information on ethnicity was collected for 236,728,379 individuals, a huge data set. The book has four objectives: To produce a new comprehensive classification of ethnic groups to better capture the rich diversity of ethnicity in Indonesia; to report on the ethnic composition in Indonesia and in each of the thirty three provinces using the new classification; to evaluate the dynamics of the fifteen largest ethnic groups in Indonesia during 2000-2010; and to examine the religions and languages of each of the fifteen largest ethnic groups