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The fact that the reformation having been running for more than two decades is still found being influencial in Indonesia today. One of the impacts is the opening of spaces for religious expression in public sphere in the name of democratization. The experience of Jamaah An-Nadzir is an exmple in wich this study is beeing carried out. This work is intended to explore the public response to Jamaah An-Nadzir's existence as a non-maintstream Islamic religious community in the Mawang area, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi as the product of the reformation. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research approach, with data research methods through observation, interviews and literature studies related to the object of study. Three forms of paradoxical response of society in seeing the existence of Jamaah An-Nadzir were found in this work. First, there is a response to the resistance of th representatives of religious figures who reject the reasons for Islamic reasons, while there are those who accept that they are a community that only has different understanding in Islam or khilafiyah. Second, the response of the surrounding community shows that they tend to accept the An-nadzir community and enter into land management although a few people reject the strange name of the community and show an acceptional understanding to their physical appearance. Third, the local government's persuasive response to An-Nadzir is supported by a community empowerment approach in social and economic aspects. Likewise, the flow of democratization as an external factor cannot be separated from the existence of communities, Jamaah An-Nadzir was no exception. Thus, An-nadzir's existence can be accepted today, although they still has resistance from several elements. This study suggests the need for further study of this kind of religious community which is still undocumented, so that it can be mapped geographically for the life of the nation and state in the democratization era.

This paper explores the problem of inequality in education in Indonesia. Educational facilities have stood firm and can be found up to the district city, its existence cannot be utilized optimally by the nation's children. The high school graduates who want to go to college, can not realize their dreams because of various obstacles. First, the adequacy of information about higher education is not evenly distributed. Access to information is more known to certain circles so that they can also choose institutions as a place to continue education. Information on scholarships, for example, is very limited. Second, the standard of acceptance used by higher education institutions is still 'unbalanced'. Competition for entry to the best colleges is only contested by graduates who come from the best schools as well. Graduates from certain schools, especially those away from access to education, are unable to compete and are marginalized. Third, the design of educational institutions is still ambiguous. The existence of the dichotomy of the state-private, common-religion, modern-traditional and various another naming also influenced the practice of the gap of the Indonesian higher education to the present. Higher education should be a space for all children of the nation and provide services without discriminating treatment

Abstract: Ethnic and religious diversity in Indonesia have become not only a wealth but in the same time also a threat to the country. They have also become the sources of cultural diversity as cultural assets that need attention. In fact, these cultural assets have potentials in the emergence of social and religious conflicts. This article suggests important findings carrying three main issues in looking at conflicts in the name of religion. With qualitative data analysis, the three main issues are collaborated. First, the conflict that took place in Indonesia tends to occur in three forms including; communal conflicts, sectarian conflicts and political installation conflicts. Second, conflict in the name of religion is triggered by several factors including lacking of understanding of the cultural, ethnic and religious diversities in Indonesia. Third, cultural accommodation by looking at the potential of local wisdom has been evidence to offer useful, needed alternatives in solving conflicts that occur in the community. This work recommends that it is necessary to deepen and disseminate all parties in empowering the potential of local culture in Indonesia. Keyword: Accomodation, Culture, Religion, Conflict Resolution Abstrak: Keragaman etnis dan agama di Indonesia merupakan kekayaan sekaligus sebagai ancaman bagi negara ini. Keragaman etnis dan agama menghasilkan keragaman budaya yang merupakan aset kultural serta perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Aset kultural tersebut berpotensi besar dalam kemunculan konflik sosial maupun agama. Artikel ini menawarkan temuan penting mengenai tiga isu utama dalam melihat konflik atas nama agama. Dengan analisis data kualitatif, ketiga isu utama tersebut dielaborasi. Pertama, konflik yang berlangsung di Indonesia cenderung diperlihatkan dalam tiga bentuk antara lain: konflik komunal, konflik sektarian, dan konflik eskalasi politik. Kedua, faktor konflik agama dipicu beberapa faktor yang meliputi masih minimnya pemahaman realitas keragaman suku, etnis, dan agama di Indonesia. Ketiga, akomodasi kultural dengan melihat potensi kearifan lokal telah mampu dijadikan sebagai perangkat penyelesaian permasalahan konflik yang terjadi di tengah masyarakat. Rekomendasi artikel ini adalah diperlukan pendalaman dan sosialisasi semua pihak dalam memberdayakan potensi budaya lokal di Indonesia. Keyword: Akomodasi, Kultural, Agama, dan Resolusi Konflik

This study aims to explorehow the Ammiyah language came about in Egypt in the 20th century. It adopted an observational research design. To gather the data, the books and journals covering Orientalism were examined.The study details three of the findings. First, the Ammiyah language differs from the Arabic Fusha in terms of syntax, lexical and phonological characteristics. Second, Ammiyah has often been used in Egypt in familial and social communication. Third, the construction carried out by Orientalists in popularizing the Ammiyah language in order to shift the role of the Arabic Fusha as the language of state administration in Egypt through two aspects. The government orders the writing of books and newspapers in the Ammiyah language using Latin letters, and prohibits the teaching of Fusha language in the school and all activities. Although the Orientalist effort failed because of the opposition from Arab literary groups both Muslim and Christian Arabs, as well as the Al-Azhar and Majma 'Lughah Universities which protected the purity of the Arabic language, there was still a social impact on Egyptian society. The Egyptian society utilizes a number of Ammiyah languages in day-to-day contact.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of assignment-based direct instruction in preparing university students to develop questions that test learners' thinking skills. One of the greatest challenges facing universities is preparing potential teachers with the ability to develop questions that test students' higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Using a quantitative descriptive approach, this study analyses the work of 40 university students who were asked to prepare 20 items, as well as question grids and cards for each item, after having undergone assignment-based direct instruction. Analysis shows that: (1) students exhibited a good command of materials (87%), (2) students exhibited a good command of question structure (88%), and (3) students exhibited a good command of Indonesian-language grammar (88%). This study challenges the assumption that teacher-based learning is ineffective, providing evidence that should be considered when evaluating the learning process and its current emphasis on student-centered learning models that sideline teachers. Direct learning based on giving assignments can increase student success in compiling HOTS questions and be a solution to the learning process, which has so far focused a lot on the student-centered learning model, so that the teacher's position is neglected. It suggests that effective pedagogy should not only consider students as active learners but also recognize teachers as creative and pro-active educators. The implications of this study highlight the need for active collaboration between teachers and students in the learning process in higher education.

The ratification of job creation law or omnibus law that changes clauses and establishes new regulations in a legal codification format has led to rejection in several regions in Indonesia because justice is not been reflected in terms of licensing aspects and weakened responsibilities. The omnibus law legislative process, which has so much been able to be completed in a short time, during the Covid-19 situation. This matter triggers the question of how the omnibus law legalization process is carried out based on the perspective of siyasah dusturiyah so how to analyze environmental content on environmental fiqh. This research is library research based on a normative approach by qualitative analysis methods. The theory used in this study is the theory of siyasah dusturiyah and environmental fiqh. The results of this study indicate that the omnibus law legislative process is not in line with the expectations of the benefit of dharuriyah, justice, and a sense of responsibility. The environmental content in the omnibus law does not yet represent environmentally friendly development so its management must be based on the principle of balance between utilization and environmental conservation.

The emergence of the term new media is very closely related to the presence of the internet in human life. Even though in its development, new media is not only limited to the Internet, but the Internet is a tool or media that is used in the era of new media, such as in the events of Bela Islam 212 in Indonesia. The Islamic defense action is known as the Gerakan 212 in coverage in many secular mainstream media and community media among diverse Muslims. The Gerakan Bela Islam 212 was later appreciated as a peaceful act. That is because the action was demonstrated through such a large mass mobilization. This study aims to analyze and study how the dominance of the Internet in public spaces over the spread of discourse on the 212 Islamic movements in Indonesia. The results of this study found that the Internet and social media are new media, with its users able to easily participate, share, and create new spaces in distributing news and discourse on Gerakan Bela Islam 212. Stable Internet penetration and also the use of media networks online is a form of social control tool in a democratic system. Social media is considered capable of mobilizing the masses of the Gerakan Bela Islam 212 in Indonesia to be actively involved and present at the Jakarta Monas. This proves that the Internet dominates public spaces related to the issue of reporting and discourse of Islamic action by the use of social media networks.

This paper discusses the issue of the tendency to vote of millennial Muslim voters in presidential-vice presidential elections 2019. This issue is answered through three questions. Applying mix-methods of quantitative and qualitative, the data was obtained through surveys and interviews as well as literature studies. The results were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical analysis. These results of this research show three important things. First, millennial Muslim voters in the presidential-vice presidential election 2019 tend to choose civilians as potential leaders. Civilians are considered capable of overcoming problems and can advance Indonesia in the future. Second, there are variations in the reasons for voters voting their candidates. In addition to performance factors, firmness and competency factors are the drivers for voters to make choices regarding contending candidates. Third, differences in political choices have an impact on polarization among Muslim communities. Different choices lead to new groupings in Muslim societies and even tend to emerge hates and dislikes from each other.

Purpose of the study: This study seeks to show that religious contestation in Jayapura, as apparent through the widespread use of religious symbols in the city, is not only a form of resistance against other faiths but also reflective of historical apprehensiveness. Studies on Muslim-Christian relations tend to deny the historical perspective by giving more attention to economic and political factors. Methodology: As the basis of its analysis, this study uses visual data in the form of photographs. Further data was collected from informants through unstructured interviews. Using a phenomenological approach, data were analyzed to ascertain the meaning of the studied phenomenon. Main Findings: This study shows that religious contestation in Papua, as manifested in public religious symbols, is not only a form of resistance against other faiths but also a continuation of unresolved interfaith tensions. Applications of this study: Knowledge of the interfaith contestation, as manifested through the public display of religious symbols, is of paramount importance in creating a spatial planning policy that accommodates a multiethnic and multireligious society. Novelty/Originality of this study: While previous studies have tended to show the causes of interfaith conflict, often by emphasizing religious differences, this study finds a shared space that offers an opportunity for religious accommodation and the resolution of interfaith tensions.