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The article is devoted to the definition of the concept symbols, graphic tools, graphs, tables, diagrams and other elements of the graphic metalanguage of linguistics as a means of non-verbal expression of linguistic concepts. The purpose of the article is to describe the general characteristics of the of Russian metalanguage as a means of language research and to determine the general patterns of functioning of non-verbal units of the metalanguage and symbols above all. A metalanguage is a language intended and used to describe a natural language and including general scientific vocabulary, terms, alphabetic, numeric, spatial and other symbols, tables, diagrams, etc. The formation of a linduistic symbols is carried out, as a rule, on the basis of the language material and other sciences metalanguages material in existence. As bearers of specific information, symbols are important means of fixing, storing and developing professional and scientific knowledge. Information expressed by symbols in a linguistic text is a non-verbally expressed generalization which accumulates specialized knowledge and is used in professional and scholarly pursuits. Conducted study suggests that terms, as a verbal manifestation of special concepts, and graphic symbols, as a non-verbal manifestation of special concepts, are a key tool for scientific activity including the field of linguistic research.

The article scrutinizes the study of non-medical problems of patients undergoing inpatient treatment. These kinds of difficulties are not directly related to health, but have a significant impact on the quality of life and psy-cho-emotional state of patients. The aim of the study is to provide a more complete understanding of the diffi-culties faced by vulnerable groups of the population during inpatient treatment. Based on the conducted socio-logical research, the authors form a profile of patients in need of non-medical care, identify their problems, establish the facts of the participation of medical personnel in solving non-medical problems of patients. In conclusion, the authors offer practical recommendations and solutions that contribute to meeting the non-medical needs of patients. In general, the article is of practical importance for the development of methods that can improve the quality of life of patients not only during inpatient treatment, but also after its completion.

The article focuses on the process of neologism emergence in the Russian language and speech in the second half of the 19 th century inferred in the letters of A.P. Chekhov. The content of the terms lexical neologism and potential word is determined. The latter is considered in a systematic aspect, from the point of view of the possibility of eliminating lacunae in the lexical composition, which was intensively formed during the period under study. The object of the analysis is those potential words that were in demand among some particular native speakers. The structural types of neologisms, the time of their appearance in the language (speech), the word-forming potential of the productive bases are identified, and the semantics of the derivatives is analyzed. The reasons for neologism emergence in the language system have been determined, including lacunae in the lexical and word-building systems and communicative need for their filling; building new words or changes in lexeme semantics; inserting neologisms in derivational processes. The class of abstract nouns is noted to be actively replenished, and productive word-formation models are claimed to be realized by rooted and potential lexemes. The epistolary heritage of A.P. Chekhov is of great value as material for the "Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 19 th Century", focused on the reflection of not only linguistic, but also speech facts.

When the Communist Party came to power in China and the People's Republic of China was established, the new Chinese leadership began to take steps to improve relations with North Korea. Immediately after the end of the Korean War (1950-1953), China and the DPRK entered into a number of agreements and treaties designed to strengthen the ties between the two states that embarked on the path of socialist development. One of the key agreements between China and North Korea was the conclusion of the "Border Treaty" in 1962, which became the guarantor of stability and security on the shared border; it also resolved previous border disputes between the two states. Making certain territorial concessions in the demarcation of the border the Chinese leadership acquired a reliable ally in conditions when China found itself in international isolation. At the same time, some South Korean politicians and scientists taking an interest in the "Border Treaty" concluded between the China and the DPRK expressed mixed views regarding the Sino-North Korean borders. They believed that the national interests of the Korean people were infringed upon by the demarcation of the border between China and the DPRK.

The article analyzes what was created in the works of a prominent public figure in Russia at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, close associate of Tsar Nicholas II, Prince E.E. Ukhtomsky's image of China. The Qing Empire in Ukhtomsky's views seems dual: on the one hand, it is experiencing stagnation, is in a state of economic back-wardness, poverty, and is experiencing colonial oppression, and on the other hand, the author admires the ex-otic culture of China, its centuries-old achievements, internal power and spiritual wealth. Ukhtomsky's field of vision includes everyday life, cuisine, art, religion, and traditions of the Chinese people. The image of the Ce-lestial Empire, presented by the prince based on the results of his trips to the East, corresponded to the concept of Orientalism, which was topical at the end of the 19th century and which asserted both the kinship of Russian and Asian peoples and the superiority of Russia over the countries of the East, in connection with which it was assigned a special mission in relation to them, consisting in mediation between Europe and Asia. Designed by E.E. Ukhtomsky's image of China reflects the events that took place in the social thought of Russia in the 19th and 20th centuries search for national identity.

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the conceptualization of the geopoetic image of the Far Eastern region in the ergonomic space of the region. The aim of this work is to identify the lexical representatives of the concept of "space" in the ergonymicon of the Far Eastern region. The article describes the specifics of the geopoetic and ergocognitive approach to the conceptualization of regional images, reflecting the features of regional identification, identifies the main cognitive models of the content of the ergonomic concept «space» in the minds of the inhabitants of the Far Eastern region. As a result, it was proved that the geopoetic approach is dominant in identifying the linguo-cognitive features of conceptualization in the field of regional ergonymy. The study identifies and describes the main groups of ergonyms related to the conceptualization of landscape-geographical, natural-biological and socio-cultural images of the Far Eastern region. The novelty of the research lies in the attempt to apply the geopoetic and ergo-cognitive approach to the description of ergonyms from the perspective of regional identification.

The paper examines the issues included in the range of problems of ontology and philosophy of history, identifies the prospects for further study of the concepts of historical development in the philosophy of speculative realism. Such a study seems possible due to the focus of speculative realism on the development of a method that can explain the movement in time of both social and non-social objects. A brief overview of the origin of various models of historical development is given. Some theoretical positions of certain areas of speculative realism are studied. The view of object-oriented ontology and new materialism on the nature of history is substantiated. Special attention is paid to the sources of origin of certain concepts of the philosophy of speculative realism and their connection with development models in object-oriented ontology and new materialism. The outlined differences in the models of historical development in object-oriented ontology and new materialism reveal the potential of research in relation to speculative realism as one of the directions of modern philosophy. Such material makes it possible to better understand the essence of the differences between certain areas of speculative realism and forms a new view on the assessment of the reasons for such differences.

The period of 1923–1925 witnessed significant efforts by the Soviet power to consolidate power in the Far East region of the RSFSR. This article examines the socio-political landscape during this pivotal time, shedding light on the challenges faced and the strategies employed to establish Soviet governance. Public sentiments in the Far East were intricately tied to the tumultuous political and economic conditions prevailing in the aftermath of the Civil War and foreign intervention. Economic devastation and stagnation exacerbated social tensions, posing formidable challenges to the consolidation of Soviet power. The prospects of Soviet authority hinged upon understanding and navigating the intricate dynamics of the local population. Factors such as the dominance of affluent rural elites, Cossack privileges, and the presence of diverse ethnic groups like Koreans and Chinese shaped the landscape of governance. Despite the adversities, the Soviet authorities achieved a notable milestone with the successful conduct of elections to the grassroots councils across the region in 1923–1924. This demonstrated a degree of acceptance and legitimacy for the new regime, marking a crucial step towards consolidation. In conclusion, the establishment of Soviet power in the Far East of the RSFSR during 1923–1925 was a complex endeavor shaped by the interplay of socio-economic conditions and local dynamics. While challenges persisted, the successful conduct of elections underscored the resilience and adaptability of the Soviet regime in navigating turbulent waters and laying the foundations for governance in the region.

Nowadays, companies are actively introducing corporate volunteering programs at their enterprises. In this re-gard, there is a growing interest in this topic in scientific circles: there are more and more works devoted to the study of this phenomenon as a form of corporate social responsibility. However, more attention is often paid to the social and economic effects of corporate volunteering, and an equally important communication aspect remains undisclosed. This article is aimed at studying the phenomenon of corporate volunteering as a tool of corporate communications. It analyzes the image and reputation effects from the implementation of volunteer programs at Russian enterprises. The empirical basis of the analysis was the results of a study of the nature of information coverage of volunteer activities of a large regional pipeline company in the field of oil and petrole-um products transportation. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that corporate volunteering contributes to strength-ening the information presence of the organization and reinforcing the status of a socially responsible enter-prise.

The article analyzes the characteristics of digital generation — a changing stu-dent profile in an uncertain world. Based on the cultural and historical approach and the theory of generations, we have attempted to reconstruct the psychological and pedagogical profile of modern schoolchildren as digital natives. The article summarizes the scientific facts about the influence of information and communication technologies on different spheres of a children's life. We have divided the considered changes into four groups that characterize the digital socialization of schoolchildren: higher mental functions, mecha-nisms of personal development, forms and means of communication with others, cultural and social practices. When studying the influence of digital technology on the develop-ment and behavior of students, we have mainly used a non-evaluative approach, and con-sidered many phenomena as a given with its own specifics. An analysis of the changes makes it possible to reconstruct a new psychological and pedagogical profile of school-children and will stimulate the search for new ways to solve a wide range of problems in upbringing and teaching, including the historical education.

The present study considers the attitude of the US government to the development of the political crisis in Russia in November 1917 – March 1918. The author examines the main factors that influenced the position of the official Washington in relation to the opposing parties to the conflict during this period: the beginning of separate negotiations between the Soviet government and Germany, the lack of unity in the anti-Bolshevist camp, the desire of the allies to use the situation in Russia in order to realize their own interests. Particular attention is paid to the White House's striving to preserve a single central government in Russia during World War I and the desire of American leadership to distance itself from direct intervention in the conflict and thus maintain the possibility to interact with all opposing sides. The study evaluates the role of this stage in the evolution of the US government's views on the "Russian question" and its impact on the implementation of the American program on a post-war peaceful settlement.