Suchergebnisse

Dependence of conventional agricultural systems on chemical fertilizers and pesticidesmakes agricultural systems less stable and important drift polluters influencing to theregional and global sustainability. This problem made human being think about thealternative systems: agricultural systems that mimic natural systems and are friendly to theenvironment; those have higher economical efficiency concerning production level andcosts. The objective of the present study was sustainability assessment and comparison oforganic and conventional system with special focus environmental and economicalperformance. The case study consisted of two organic and conventional olive producingfarms in the South of Italy. The method used for sustainability assessment wasEnvironmental Accounting Information System (EAIS) that integrates togetherenvironmental (soil organic matter, soil erosion, genetic and landscape biodiversity,EPRIP, etc ) and economical indicators (gross margin). Data used for assessment ofEAIS indicators values were mainly collected from: farm economic-accounting systems,interviews, farm maps, area public organizations, bibliographical sources, farm nutrientaccounting systems, observations and field assessments and chemical soil analyses. Theindicator values measured into two farms were compared to theoretical or referenceindicator values. Based on indicator assessment it was concluded that organic olivegrowing farm had better performance than conventional farm.

The central issue of this study was to evaluate the economic and environmental sustainability of an organic dairy farm. We also endeavoured to provide technical information for future agricultural policies. We used a linear programming model to simulate the environmental, economic, technical and organisational farm results. We prepared two versions of the model, one for the present situation of the farm (organic version) and another for the situation prior to conversion from conventional to organic agriculture (conventional version). The objective function of the model optimises farm gross income. We present the general structure of the model and specify environmental aspects. In particular, we consider three main environmental components: nitrogen cycle into the agroecosystem, soil erosion and non-replaceable energy consumption. The results of the simulation show how the organic method achieves an economic efficiency level equal to the conventional one, due to the favourable price the farm could obtain for organic milk. Moreover the organic method generates sorne relevant environmental effects. We calculated the marginal and average production costs of environmental externalities through parametric linear programming. We suggest a new agricultural policy based on the costs of environmental externalities. ; L'étude a pour objet d'évaluer la durabilité économique et environnementale dans une exploitation laitière biologique. Le second objectif est de fournir un outil technique pour la politique agricole. Nous avons utilisé la programmation linéaire pour simuler les données économiques, écologiques et organisationnelles de l'exploitation. Nous avons comparé deux versions du modèle, l'une relative à la situation actuelle de l'exploitation (version biologique), l'autre à celle avant transformation (version conventionnelle). La "fonction d'objectif' du modèle optimise la marge brute de l'exploitation. Nous présentons la structure générale du modèle et donnons une description détaillée des variables environnementales considérées : cycle de l'azote, érosion des sols et consommation de l'énergie non renouvelable. Les résultats montrent que le modèle biologique, compte tenu du prix plus élevé obtenu par le lait biologique, permet un niveau d'efficacité économique comparable à celui du modèle conventionnel, et produit en outre toute une série d'avantages pour l'environnement. En utilisant la programmation linéaire paramétrique, à partir des résultats économiques et écologiques, nous avons pu évaluer les coûts de production moyens et marginaux des externalités positives liées au modèle biologique. Nous présentons en conclusion des propositions d'utilisation possible de ces données pour les interventions des politiques agricoles et du territoire.

International audience ; The central issue of this study was to evaluate the economic and environmental sustainability of an organic dairy farm. We also endeavoured to provide technical information for future agricultural policies. We used a linear programming model to simulate the environmental, economic, technical and organisational farm results. We prepared two versions of the model, one for the present situation of the farm (organic version) and another for the situation prior to conversion from conventional to organic agriculture (conventional version). The objective function of the model optimises farm gross income. We present the general structure of the model and specify environmental aspects. In particular, we consider three main environmental components: nitrogen cycle into the agroecosystem, soil erosion and non-replaceable energy consumption. The results of the simulation show how the organic method achieves an economic efficiency level equal to the conventional one, due to the favourable price the farm could obtain for organic milk. Moreover the organic method generates sorne relevant environmental effects. We calculated the marginal and average production costs of environmental externalities through parametric linear programming. We suggest a new agricultural policy based on the costs of environmental externalities. ; L'étude a pour objet d'évaluer la durabilité économique et environnementale dans une exploitation laitière biologique. Le second objectif est de fournir un outil technique pour la politique agricole. Nous avons utilisé la programmation linéaire pour simuler les données économiques, écologiques et organisationnelles de l'exploitation. Nous avons comparé deux versions du modèle, l'une relative à la situation actuelle de l'exploitation (version biologique), l'autre à celle avant transformation (version conventionnelle). La "fonction d'objectif' du modèle optimise la marge brute de l'exploitation. Nous présentons la structure générale du modèle et donnons une description détaillée des ...