Suchergebnisse

Colonial training grounds -- From colonial to international health -- The League of Nations Health Organization -- Internationalizing rural hygiene and nutrition -- Planning for a postwar world : the legacy of social medicine -- A narrowing vision : international health, technology, and cold war politics -- Uncertain beginnings -- The good and bad campaigns -- The birth of the population crisis -- Accelerating international family planning programs -- Rethinking family planning -- Rethinking health, 2.0 : the rise of primary health care -- Challenges to primary health care -- AIDS and the birth of global health -- The global fund, PEPFAR and the transformation of global health -- The medicalization of global health

Tuberculosis infects 50 000 more South Africans each year - most of them black. The author argues that this epidemic is directly related to the politics and economics of apartheid. He traces the history of this archetypal disease of poverty from the late nineteenth century to the present day. He draws together the history of the mines, the townships and the rural areas to show how it has been shaped by the rise of industrial capitalism. He shows the ideological foundation of TB control in the era of colour bar and segregation up to 1948. He reveals the official attitude during the period of apartheid from 1948 to 1980 as "The great disappearing act". (DÜI-Hff)

Recent efforts to mobilize support for malaria control have highlighted the economic burden of malaria and the value of malaria control for generating economic development. These claims have a long history. Beginning in the early twentieth century, they became the primary justification for malaria‐control programs in the American South and in other parts of the globe, including British India. Economists conducted none of these studies. Following World War II and the development of new anti‐malarial drugs and pesticides, including DDT, malaria control and eradication were increasingly presented as instruments for eliminating economic underdevelopment. By the 1960s, however, economists and demographers began to raise serious substantive and methodological questions about the basis of these claims. Of particular concern was the role of rapid population growth, resulting in part from the decline of malaria mortality, in undermining the short‐term economic gains achieved through malaria control. Despite these concerns, malaria continues to be presented as an economic problem in the work of Jeffrey Sachs and others, justifying massive investments in malaria control. The methodological basis of these claims is examined. The paper concludes that while malaria takes a dreadful toll in human lives and causes significant economic losses for individuals, families, and some industries, the evidence linking malaria control to national economic growth remains unconvincing. In addition, the evidence suggests that there are potential costs to justifying malaria‐eradication campaigns on macroeconomic grounds.

During the past fifty years, colonial empires around the world have collapsed and vast areas that were once known as "colonies" have become known as "less developed countries" or "the third world." The idea of development-and the relationship it implies between industrialized, affluent nations and poor, emerging nations-has become the key to a new conceptual framework. Development has also become a vast industry, involving billions of dollars and a worldwide community of experts. These essays-written by scholars in many fields-examine the production, transmission, and implementation of ideas about development within historical, political, and intellectual contexts, emphasizing the changing meanings of development over the past fifty years.The concept of development has come under attack in recent years both from those who see development as the imperialism of knowledge, imposing on the world a modernity that it does not necessarily want, and those who see development efforts as a distortion of the world market. These essays look beyond the polemics and focus on the diverse, contested, and changing meanings of development among social movements, national governments, international agencies, foundations, and scholars

This is a selection of articles on Swaziland which focus on presenting data on the Swazi political economy through the introduction of new ideas, themes or perspectives, suggesting new methods or techniques of research to students. (DÜI-Kst)