Suchergebnisse

Professors dels Estudis de Dret i Ciència Política van participar al congrés "Internet, Politics, Policy 2010: An Impact Assessment", celebrat el passat 16 i 17 de setembre a Oxford i organitzat per l'Oxford Internet Institut. ; Lecturers in Law and Political Science Studies took part in the "Internet, Politics, Policy 2010: An Impact Assessment" congress in Oxford on 16 and 17 September, organised by the Oxford Internet Institute. ; Profesores de los Estudios de Derecho y Ciencia Política de la UOC participaron en el congreso "Internet, Politics, Policy 2010: An Impact Assessment" celebrado el pasado 16 y 17 de septiembre en Oxford y organizado por el Oxford Internet Institut.

Es ressenyen dues obres col•lectives realitzades per especialistes en la comunicació política. Els articles de què es componen se centren en les campanyes de comunicació que van confluir en les eleccions generals de 2004 i les estudien a partir d'un ventall de marcs teòrics de la comunicació política. ; Two publications produced by groups of specialists in political communication are summarised. The articles in these publications focus on the communication campaigns for the general elections of 2004, and are studied from a range of theoretical frameworks for political communication. ; Se reseñan dos obras colectivas realizadas por especialistas en la comunicación política. Los artículos de los que se componen se centran en las campañas de comunicación que confluyeron en las elecciones generales del 2004 y las estudian a partir de un abanico de marcos teóricos de la comunicación política.

The effect of social media as a potential sphere for public deliberation still remains unclear. For some analysts, social media can create a vibrant space for political discussion, whereas others believe they do not provide the right conditions for meaningful interaction and could even have negative effects on public opinion by, for instance, fostering communication within isolated enclaves. Focusing on the debate surrounding Catalonia's secession, this article analyses the interaction on Twitter between the opposite sides of this divisive political issue. Carefully based on a nonbiased random sampling procedure, we describe Twitter conversations through network and content analyses, using both indicators of the structure of conversations and opinion diversity. Remarkably, we find that Twitter users cross lines of difference and interact with people holding opposing views. Through a regression analysis, we show that the level of reciprocity, understood as repeated interaction and measured by the depth of the conversation, is explained by heterogeneity and associated with a higher involvement of the pro-independence side. However, if heterogeneity is combined with extremism, the development of longer conversations is severely cut. Overall, this article points toward the actual use of social media as a space for cross-cutting communication and debate despite strong disagreement.

Ovaj rad pruža dokaze koji govore u prilog tome da društveni mediji omogućavaju javnu deliberaciju, što je u suprotnosti s hipotezom koja naglašava dominaciju učinka "eho-komore". Rad se bavi konverzacijskim interakcijama na Twitteru između podupiratelja suprotstavljenih strana u debati o katalonskoj nezavisnosti. Ta tema, o kojoj mišljenja mogu biti snažno polarizirana, upotrijebljena je za studiju slučaja. Istraživanje je provedeno na slučajnom uzorku komunikacija na Twitterovoj platformi za odgovore i uključuje zagovornike i protivnike nezavisnosti. Unatoč tendenciji stvaranja "homofilnih mreža" koje okupljaju ljude sličnih stavova, utvrdili smo da je komunikacija između suprotstavljenih političkih tabora relativno česta. Nadalje, heterogene konverzacije (u kojima se suprotstavljene strane upuštaju u dijalog) značajno su duže nego homogene (u kojima svi sudionici dijele isto mišljenje), što se može smatrati znakom prave deliberacije, utemeljene na racionalnoj razmjeni argumenata između suprotstavljenih perspektiva. ; This article provides evidence in favour of social media serving as facilitators of public deliberation, in contrast with the hypothesis that emphasises the dominance of the "echo chamber" effect. It focuses on conversational interactions on Twitter between supporters from opposite sides in a potentially highly polarised political issue, i.e. the debate on the independence of Catalonia, which is used as a case study. Methodologically we rely on a random sample of communications on the Twitter reply network, involving for and against independence supporters. Remarkably, despite the tendency of forming homophilic networks, we find that communication across political lines is relatively frequent. Furthermore, heterogeneous conversations (where opposing sides are engaged in a dialogue) tend to be significantly longer than homogenous ones (where all participants share the same view), which can be seen as a sign of genuine deliberation based on reasonably exchanging arguments between competing viewpoints.

Free, open-source participatory platforms like Decidim or Consul were designed by the 15M' citizen activists in Spain. Initially implemented in Barcelona and Madrid, these platforms are spread in many countries. Castells has not examined the institutionalization of the 15M's offspring, and thus we aim to contribute by studying the rollout of the Decidim platform in Catalan municipalities. We examine its disruptive potential along three democratic dimensions: transparency, participation and deliberation. Our study combines in-depth interviews and an online questionnaire administered to public officials in charge of the platform and analyses the levels of participation on the platform. The research shows elements of managerial continuity: the most valued goals are transparency, organisation of information and the collection of citizen proposals, rather than deliberation and transfer of sovereignty towards citizens. However, the platform forces administrations to consider individual citizens' inputs, increases citizens' proposals and initiatives, and brings in new participant publics. Furthermore, democratic innovation is being pushed ahead by a networkof activists and technological experts that continuously improve the platform and function as a counter-power (Castells, 2015, 2016).

Are participatory platforms facilitating public deliberation? To answer this question, we focus on the most commented citizens' proposal discussed on the Barcelona government's platform Decidim (i.e., the granting of new licenses for tourist apartments). Our goal is twofold. First, we evaluate via content analysis the deliberative quality of this conversation through a carefully selected system of indicators following the classical literature on deliberation. Second, we examine how deliberative quality criteria evolve through interaction, by introducing the dimension of depth, inspired on social computing research. The findings show that the relation between deliberative quality and depth of conversation is mostly curvilinear. The level of justification decreases as conversations go deeper, whereas the levels of reciprocity and incivility become more important over time before decreasing at a later stage. Overall, we conclude that online citizen deliberation can spontaneously emerge, but additional institutional conditions are required to make it last.

Los denominados social media –las herramientas de internet que permiten crear y difundir información en redes y comunidades virtuales, como por ejemplo Twitter, Facebook o Pinterest– han revolucionado las pautas de acceso y difusión de la información. Aparentemente, estos medios tienen un potencial disruptivo o rompedor respecto a la situación anterior, caracterizada por el oligopolio informativo de unas pocas empresas propietarias de los medios de comunicación de masas. Hoy día, en cambio, cualquier usuario de internet puede dejar de ser un simple receptor de información para convertirse en un nodo activo capaz de generar y compartir contenidos dentro de la red. La expansión de internet en los últimos años y la facilidad de uso que ha significado el entorno web 2.0 no han hecho más que acentuar este potencial. Esto está suponiendo un proceso de redistribución del poder entre distintos actores sociales y políticos (gobiernos, empresas, administraciones, partidos políticos, medios de comunicación, etc.), y la configuración de un nuevo sistema comunicativo, en el que rigen nuevos códigos y reglas de juego. Las implicaciones de esta transformación en el campo de la política son múltiples. Estos medios dibujan un nuevo espacio público donde se forma y se propaga la opinión pública, se vehicula el debate y el conflicto político y se articulan las dinámicas de acción colectiva. Solo hay que pensar, por ejemplo, en el papel que han jugado las redes sociales en la emergencia de movilizaciones políticas o en el surgimiento de nuevos partidos políticos. ; So-called social media – those Internet tools that allow for the conception and dissemination of information on virtual networks and communities, such as Twitter, Facebook or Pinterest – have revolutionised patterns in the access and spread of information. Apparently, these media have a disruptive or ground-breaking potential with respect to the former circumstances, which were characterised by the informative oligarchy of a few parent companies owning the mass media, or means necessary for mass communication. Today, however, any Internet user may cease to be a simple recipient of information and to become an active node capable of generating and sharing net content. The expansion of the Internet in recent years and the ease of use brought about by the web 2.0 environment have enhanced this potential. This is resulting in a redistribution of power between the different social and political actors (governments, enterprises, administrations, political parties, the media, etc.), and the emergence of a new communication system, where new codes and rules of play are in effect. The implications of this transformation in the political field are numerous. These media are establishing a new public space in which public opinion takes shape and spreads, where debate and political conflict find a vehicle, and where collective action dynamics are articulated. One need only consider, for example, the role of social networks in the emergence of political movements or in the rise of new political parties. ; Els anomenats social media –les eines d'Internet que permeten crear i difondre informació en xarxes i comunitats virtuals, com p.e., Twitter, Facebook o Pinterest– han revolucionat les pautes d'accés i difusió de la informació. Aparentment, aquests mitjans tenen un potencial disruptiu o trencador respecte a la situació anterior, caracteritzada per l'oligopoli informatiu d'unes poques empreses propietàries dels mitjans de comunicació de masses. Avui, en canvi, qualsevol usuari d'Internet pot deixar de ser un simple receptor d'informació per convertir-se en un node actiu capaç de generar i compartir continguts dins la xarxa. L'expansió d'Internet en els darrers anys i la facilitat d'ús que ha significat l'entorn web 2.0 no han fet res més que accentuar aquest potencial. Això està suposant un procés de redistribució del poder entre diferents actors socials i polítics (governs, empreses, administracions, partits polítics, mitjans de comunicació, etc.), i la configuració d'un nou sistema comunicatiu, on regeixen nous codis i regles de joc. Les implicacions d'aquesta transformació en el camp de la política són múltiples. Aquests mitjans dibuixen un nou espai públic on es forma i es propaga l'opinió pública, es vehicula el debat i el conflicte polític, i s'articulen les dinàmiques d'acció col·lectiva. Només cal pensar, per exemple, el paper que han jugat les xarxes socials en l'emergència de mobilitzacions polítiques o en el sorgiment de nous partits polítics.