Suchergebnisse

Not Available ; In order to overcome the challenges in administering and regulating marine fisheries in the Indian EEZ under central government administration (area 1.86 million km2, which is 92% of the total 2.02 million km2), a zonal management system is proposed. Besides the Territorial Waters (TW) zones regulated by maritime states, the broad marine biogeographic area of the Indian subcontinent were divided into 4, the northwest coast (northeast Arabian Sea - NEAS), southwest coast (southeast Arabian Sea - SEAS), southeast coast (southwest Bay of Bengal - SWBOB) and the northeast coast (northwest Bay of Bengal - NWBOB). There are 13 maritime states based TW zones and 6 regional zones (4 mainland and 2 island) in this proposed plan for fisheries management. The straightening of the coastline through notified baseline points for determining the breadth of TW and EEZ has resulted in 0.11 million km2 of internal waters which are not under any regulations. All these zones are planned to be placed under co-management through specific fisheries management councils as advocated by the National Policy on Marine Fisheries 2017. Besides, the catch and effort data reporting, stock assessments and fisheries management under the new regime are highlighted. In fisheries management, a switch to a total allowable catch (TAC) and quota system is recommended. The advantages of zonal management, TAC system and fleet wise quotas are discussed. ; Not Available

Not Available ; Sea level rise is one of the evident ill effects of climate change. As per the fifth assessment report of IPCC the rate of sea level rise has increased in recent years as compared to the previous years. The rapid rise in sea level can have devastating effects on the densely populated coastal areas, mainly by way of inundation of low lying habitats. Inundation of highly populated coastal areas exposes the location to coastal hazards and increases the risk to both life and belongings of people at the location. Therefore, identification of vulnerable areas becomes necessary for coastal zone management. The present study maps the Low Elevation Coastal Zones (LECZ) of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and estimates the vulnerability of each coastal village based on population and elevation. The coastal villages with high percentage of low elevation zones and high population density are the most vulnerable areas and a vulnerability index is formulated as a product of these two variables. Landforms along Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu coast include low lying alluvial plains, bays, tidal mudflats, creeks, ridges, bars, spits, mangrove swamps, marshes, and lagoons, which are subject to sea level rise. Maps for the study were produced using ArcGIS 10. The boundary maps were collected from the DataMeet project and the elevation data from ETOPO1. Population density data were collected from the NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Increase in water level leads to higher rates of erosion that result in beach loss, enhancing the vulnerability of the coastal area to hazards. The analysis shows that Losari Gutlapadu and Sadayankuppam are the most vulnerable villages in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu respectively. Mapping of the vulnerable areas act as advisories and can help the state governments to develop mitigation strategies. ; Not Available

Not Available ; In India, the adoption of mussel (Perna viridis) farming, practice began in 1996 when it was field tested in the shallow backwaters of Padanna in Kasaragod District of Kerala. This paved the way for commercial mussel production from northern districts of Kerala, particularly in Padanna Backwaters by coastal villagers. There was a steady rise in mussel production from estuarine farms till 2008, which was followed by a reduction since 2009. During 2015, this rate of reduction in farmed mussel production was drastic, recording as high as 93.8%, when compared to the 2014 figures. This reduction was not restricted to Padanna Backwaters alone, as there was mortality and decline in production in all northern districts of Kerala in 2015. Mussel farming sector of Padanna Backwaters is confronted with several problems. With rapid growth in farming the availability of mussel seeds became limiting and farmers sourced seeds from distant locations resulting in poor seed quality at the time of seeding. The supply-demand gap pushed the farmers to compromise on the seed quality. This resulted in tended mussel stocks which were susceptible to stress. The environmental degradation in the farmed area of Padanna due to excessive number of farms per unit area and reduced flushing of water in certain pockets was further burdened by the extremely high ambient air and water temperatures in 2015-16. The prevailing environmental anomaly resulted in higher than normal salinity and high temperature, which compounded the environmental stress on the farmed mussels. This resulted in a crisis in February 2016, leading to stunted growth, high mortality and prevalence of the protozoan parasite, Perkinsus olseni. The CMFRI's scientific team which has been monitoring the mussel farming activity in the area, setup a task force to identify the issues and suggest solutions to farmers and the Government. The adoption of sustainable aquaculture practices in Padanna Backwaters by improving the quality of seeds, enhancing the flushing rates, modifying the farm layout and reducing the farming density per unit area are among the 21 recommendations proposed by CMFRI task force to tackle these challenges. These recommendations are complementary to the global guidelines for Best Aquaculture Practices for mussels. This requires the collaborative effort from the farmers, local administration and the fisheries department. ; Not Available