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This study is based on a two-stage mixed methodology. Exploratory stage describes some attributes identified as relevant by Peruvians in the social comparison between their in-group (Peru) and the Chilean out-group. Quasi-experimental stage analyzes the influence of social comparison direction (Upward and Downward Comparison) in degree of identification to Peru, collective self-esteem and Peruvian self-concept's attributes. Results suggest collective identity and collective self-esteem are not affected by the direction of the social comparison between Peru and Chile. Just one of the positive dimensions of the self-concept named Idealized Peruvian was affected by the comparison direction, showing that the agreement to this attribute was lower when Peruvian situation was worse than Chilean. Adapted from the source document.

To analyze the current situation of Colombian regulation, it is necessary to compare some specific aspects with the legislation used in other countries where the UAVs topic dates to many years ago. This study is focused on evaluating all the possibilities to make the Colombian regulation effective without closing opportunities of research and development growth, but still guarantee the privacy and intimacy rights of the population. Results from our study are currently being used in the development of the Colombian regulation and they are proven useful to instigate informative debates and identify areas where specific needs are to be address in Colombia.

To analyze the current situation of Colombian regulation, it is necessary to compare some specific aspects with the legislation used in other countries where the UAVs topic dates to many years ago. This study is focused on evaluating all the possibilities to make the Colombian regulation effective without closing opportunities of research and development growth, but still guarantee the privacy and intimacy rights of the population. Results from our study are currently being used in the development of the Colombian regulation and they are proven useful to instigate informative debates and identify areas where specific needs are to be address in Colombia.

This article explores the attitude towards past collective violence and the knowledge, impact and evaluation that different Chilean generations report about two Truth Commissions (TC) related to Pinochet's dictatorship. Younger population, that didn't live the dictatorship, compared with older generations, reports low social sharing about past violence, low knowledge about TC, and evaluates as less effective both TC and official apologies by respect to Pinochet's crimes. Nevertheless, younger generation agree more with those who believe in the importance of reviewing the past and to learn lessons from history. Adapted from the source document.

Examines the memory, confrontation, & inhibition of past political traumatic events, & relates it to the current social climate in Mexico, Peru, Venezuela, Mexico, Belgium, & the Spanish Basque Country, drawing on questionnaire data from 520 university students. It is found that the type of trauma differs between Latin America & Europe, & collective trauma is talked about more openly in Latin American countries, all of which have political trauma in their recent past. It is concluded that collective inhibition & silence surrounding political trauma leads to a positive evaluation of the present social climate, while open discussion of trauma leads to a more negative one. 7 Tables, 33 References. Adapted from the source document.

Emergent properties of global political culture were examined using data from the World History Survey (WHS) involving 6,902 university students in 37 countries evaluating 40 figures from world history. Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis techniques found only limited forms of universality in evaluations across Western, Catholic/Orthodox, Muslim, and Asian country clusters. The highest consensus across cultures involved scientific innovators, with Einstein having the most positive evaluation overall. Peaceful humanitarians like Mother Theresa and Gandhi followed. There was much less cross-cultural consistency in the evaluation of negative figures, led by Hitler, Osama bin Laden, and Saddam Hussein. After more traditional empirical methods (e.g., factor analysis) failed to identify meaningful cross-cultural patterns, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify four global representational profiles: Secular and Religious Idealists were overwhelmingly prevalent in Christian countries, and Political Realists were common in Muslim and Asian countries. We discuss possible consequences and interpretations of these different representational profiles.

Objectives: The INCAPS COVID Oceania study aimed to assess the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac procedure volume provided in the Oceania region. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed comparing procedure volumes within March 2019 (pre-COVID-19) with April 2020 (during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic). Sixty-three (63) health care facilities within Oceania that perform cardiac diagnostic procedures were surveyed, including a mixture of metropolitan and regional, hospital and outpatient, public and private sites, and 846 facilities outside of Oceania. The percentage change in procedure volume was measured between March 2019 and April 2020, compared by test type and by facility. Results: In Oceania, the total cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was reduced by 52.2% from March 2019 to April 2020, compared to a reduction of 75.9% seen in the rest of the world (p<0.001). Within Oceania sites, this reduction varied significantly between procedure types, but not between types of health care facility. All procedure types (other than stress cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] and positron emission tomography [PET]) saw significant reductions in volume over this time period (p<0.001). In Oceania, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) decreased by 51.6%, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by 74.0%, and stress tests by 65% overall, which was more pronounced for stress electrocardiograph (ECG) (81.8%) and stress echocardiography (76.7%) compared to stress single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) (44.3%). Invasive coronary angiography decreased by 36.7% in Oceania. Conclusion: A significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was seen across all facility types in Oceania and was likely a function of recommendations from cardiac societies and directives from government to minimise spread of COVID-19 amongst patients and staff. Longer term evaluation is important to assess for negative patient outcomes which may relate to deferral of usual models of care within cardiology.