Suchergebnisse

The present paper explores the dossier de procédure of the Simmenthal case, decided in 1978 and through which the CJEU empowered national courts to set aside domestic provisions being incompatible with EU law. The analysis of the dossier guarded at the Historical Archives of the EU in Florence, allowed for a deeper and more comprehensive reading of the parties' submissions and of the arguments presented before the EU judiciary. Furthermore, these original documents provided us with a clearer picture of the "legal context" in which the case was decided. The files showed an Italian government "jealous" of its constitutional prerogatives and a European Court ready to "seize the opportunity" to advance the integration process one step further. The dossier also confirmed the importance of lawyers in the evolution of the jurisprudence of the Court. The findings of this research can certainly be of interest for scholars working on history of the European integration process and Italian constitutional law.

In Xylella II the CJEU was called upon to assess whether Italy had failed to meet the obligations stemming from the Plant Health Directive and Decision 2015/789/EU, aiming to inhibit the spread of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa in Apulia (Southern Italy). In carrying out its review, the Court relied to a large extent on the scientific evidence submitted by the Commission. It found that the Member State had failed to properly remove infected plants and monitor the presence of the pathogen in the 20km strip dividing the infected zone from the buffer zone. However, the Court also confirmed that in proceedings brought under Article 258, the burden of proof lies on the Commission, which may not rely on any presumption to demonstrate the State's failure to meet EU law obligations. The Italian authorities are now expected to comply with the Court's ruling, as financial sanctions may be imposed at a later stage.

Joined Cases C-78/16 and C-79/16, Giovanni Pesce (et al) v Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, [2016] EU:C:2016:428.In Xylella, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) was called upon to assess how far policymakers can go in conditions of scientific uncertainty, and whether EFSA opinions can be indirectly subject to judicial review, despite not being legally binding. In particular, the Xylella case highlights the relevance of EFSA's scientific authority over the Commission: since EFSA opinions are not directly reviewable by the CJEU – as they constitute an intermediate stage of a more complex administrative procedure – the political and legal liabilities relating to EFSA assessments are entirely shifted onto the Commission, whose discretion is reviewable by the EU judiciary. In this regard, the Xylella case confirms how difficult the judicial review of precautionary measures can be. It shows once again that a full assessment of these measures is impossible, as scientific uncertainty restricts the grounds for judicial review to the manifest appropriateness of the contested measures and the availability of less onerous and equally effective measures.

Si pubblica qui, in una versione rielaborata dagli autori, il testo degli interventi proposti il 7 aprile 2016 in occasione del workshop in onore di Claudia Giontella, dedicato alle sfide socio-culturali e politico-economiche che l'archeologia è chiamata ad affrontare in questo nuovo secolo. I primi due interventi prendono in esame il sistema della tutela in Italia alla luce di alcune sue recenti innovazioni: dopo ave presentato l'attività delComando Carabinieri per la Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale, Carmelo Grasso illustra la creazione nel 2015 di una unità nazionale specializzata operante in situazioni di disastri naturali e di guerra (Caschi Blu della Cultura), mentre Mario Pagano esprime alcune valutazioni sulla riforma del MiBACT. Seguono l'intervento di Paolo Güll, che entra nel merito di problemi teorico-metodologici riguardanti l'archeologia preventiva, e quello di Francesca Sogliani sulle attività promosse ai fini della valorizzazione del patrimonio archeologico della Basilicata, anche in vista di Matera Capitale Europea della Cultura 2019. We publish here the speeches, reviewed by the authors, presented on the 7th of April 2016 at the workshop in honor of Claudia Giontella, dedicated to the social, cultural, political and economic challenges that archeology is called to face in this new century. The first two speeches examine the Italian protection system in the light of some recent innovations: after showing the activity of the "Comando Carabinieri per la Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale", Carmelo Grasso illustrates the creation in 2015 of a new national task force, operating in situations of natural disasters and wars ("Caschi Blu della Cultura"), while Mario Pagano evaluates the Reform of MiBACT. Then, Paolo Güll discusses theoretical and methodological issues concerning preventive archeology, and Francesca Sogliani focuses on activities that have been promoted to enhance archeological heritage in Basilicata, also in sight of Matera European Cultural Capital 2019.