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The paper brings the focus on to multi-disciplinary approach of presenting climate analysis studies, taking help of interdisciplinary fields to structure the information. The system CLIMSYS provides the crucial element of spatially enabling climate data processing. Even though climate change is a matter of great scientific relevance and of broad general interest, there are some problems related to its communication. Its a fact that finding practical, workable and cost-efficient solutions to the problems posed by climate change is now a world priority and one which links government and non-government organizations in a way not seen before. An approach that should suffice is to create an accessible intelligent system that houses prior knowledge and curates the incoming data to deliver meaningful results. The objective of the proposed research is to develop a generalized system for climate data analysis that facilitates open sharing, central implementation, integrated components, knowledge creation, data format understanding, inferencing and ultimately optimal solution delivery, by the way of geospatial enablement.

Bhattacharya, D. & Painho, M. (2018). Design for Geospatially Enabled Climate Modeling and Alert System. In Stephan Winter, Amy Griffin & Monika Sester (Eds.), 10th International Conference on Geographic Information Science (GIScience 2018), 22, pp. 22:1–22:6. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Vol. 114. Dagstuhl, Germany: Schloss Dagstuhl--Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik. ISBN: 978-3-95977-083-5; ISSN: 1868-8969. DOI:10.4230/LIPIcs.GISCIENCE.2018.22. URL: http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2018/9350/ ; The paper brings the focus on to multi-disciplinary approach of presenting climate analysis studies, taking help of interdisciplinary fields to structure the information. The system CLIMSYS provides the crucial element of spatially enabling climate data processing. Even though climate change is a matter of great scientific relevance and of broad general interest, there are some problems related to its communication. Its a fact that finding practical, workable and cost-efficient solutions to the problems posed by climate change is now a world priority and one which links government and non-government organizations in a way not seen before. An approach that should suffice is to create an accessible intelligent system that houses prior knowledge and curates the incoming data to deliver meaningful results. The objective of the proposed research is to develop a generalized system for climate data analysis that facilitates open sharing, central implementation, integrated components, knowledge creation, data format understanding, inferencing and ultimately optimal solution delivery, by the way of geospatial enablement. ; publishersversion ; published

In response to a disaster, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs creates a framework for cooperation in which Information Management Officers from different organisations can work together to provide decision makers with necessary information. Geospatial data are among the first information delivered. Recently, online mapping, remote sensing and the support of volunteers and technical communities wrought dramatic changes in the use of geospatial information, bringing new challenges to the digital humanitarian community. Information Management Officers are tapping alternative data sources, and institutions are adapting their working procedures to this new reality. The perspectives of these Information Management Officers have been studied through semi-structured interviews and monitoring of the tools used during responses to real emergencies. This study determines the required data and the relation with geospatial preparedness. It also explores the potential and limitations of development organisations, community mapping and social networks as alternative sources of information.

Tang, V., Acedo, A., & Painho, M. (2021). Sense of place and the city: the case of non-native residents in Lisbon. Journal of Spatial Information Science, Special Issue: Special Feature on Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Place(23), 125-155. https://doi.org/10.5311/JOSIS.2021.23.165 --- Funding Information: This work was supported by the Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies (Geotech), an Erasmus Mundus Joint Masters (EMJMD) consortium under the EU's Erasmus+ program. ; When immigrants move to a new city, they tend to develop distinct relationships with the urban landscape, which in turn becomes the new setting of their routine-based activities that evolve over time. Previous works in environmental psychology have quantitatively examined non-native residents' development of sense of place towards their new environment. In this paper, we introduce the spatial perspective into studying the sense of place experienced by non-natives in an urban context. We study the person-place bonds, relationships, and feelings cultivated by non-native residents living in the city of Lisbon (Portugal) through an online map-based survey. Then, we carried out spatial analysis aimed at distinguishing and visualizing the different facets of sense of place developed by two participant groups: short-term residents and long-term residents. Results showed that while short-term residents reported bonds with places, long-term residents' senses of place were more intense and broader throughout the city. The correlations, associations, and relationships between participant groups and the dimensions of sense of place allowed us to observe features and patterns that were previously described in the literature, although adding the spatial lenses can potentially provide better insights for urban planning, community development, and inclusive policies. ; publishersversion ; published

Amade, N., Painho, M., & Oliveira, T. (2018). Geographic information technology usage in developing countries: a case study in Mozambique. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 21(4), 331-345. DOI:10.1080/10095020.2018.1523995 ; Geographic information technologies (GIT) have matured, have become pervasive throughout many types of organizations over recent decades and gained a wide range of attention in diverse sectors of society. The goal of this paper is to identify the main drivers and uses of GIT in organizations and to give an overview of GIT uses in developing countries with a focus on a case study developed for Mozambique by analyzing the results of a survey of 123 Mozambican organizations that are current GIT users. The results show that the main drivers behind are compatibility, complexity, competitive pressure, donor pressure, government policy, intention to adopt, innovation, relative advantage, security, and technology competence. Organizations of the public and private sectors use GIT for customer/resource/risk management, decision support, education, research, monitoring, prediction, simulation, suitability analysis, sustainability, use and access. ; publishersversion ; published

Amade, N., Painho, M., & Oliveira, T. (2017). Determinants of Geographic Information Technologies Intention and Adoption and Mozambique Institutions' Perspectives. Research Journal of Information Technology, 2(9), 64-73. DOI:10.3923/rjit.2017.64.73 ; Background and Objective: Many determinant factors are behind the adoption of geographic information technologies (GIT). In that sense institutions must evaluate and analyze these factors before deciding to operate with these technologies. The study seeks to investigate the drivers behind the adoption of GIT at two stages (intention and adoption) applied to a Mozambique context. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 110 institutions belonging to Mozambique institutions. The data were analyzed by employing partial least square (PLS) and relevant hypotheses were derived and tested. The research model was estimated using Smart PLS 2.0 M3 software. Results: The results suggested that technology competence, security, competitive pressure are important drivers to explain the intention to adopt GIT. Financial concerns, government policies, donor pressure and intention to adopt are important drivers to explain adoption of GIT. The donor pressure is the only driver that is statistically significant in both intention and adoption of GIT. Conclusion: The findings offer valuable insights to managerial and decision makers in institutions. The combination of three theories, diffusion of innovation theory, technology organization and environment framework and the policy context add value to the research in a holistic approach. ; publishersversion ; published

Due to the characteristics of the Southern Amazonas Mesoregion (Mesorregião Sul do Amazonas, MSA), conducting on-site surveys in all licensed forestry areas (Plano de Manejo Florestal, PMFS) is an impossible task. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to: (i) analyze the use of geointelligence (GEOINT) techniques to support the evaluation of PMFS; and (ii) verify if the PMFS located in the MSA are being executed in accordance with Brazilian legislation. A set of twenty-two evaluation criteria were established. These were initially applied to a "standard" PMFS and subsequently replicated to a larger area of 83 PMFS, located in the MSA. GEOINT allowed for a better understanding of each PMFS, identifying illegal forestry activities and evidence of timber laundering. Among these results, we highlight the following evidences: (i) inconsistencies related to total transport time and prices declared to the authorities (70% of PMFS); (ii) volumetric information incompatible with official forest inventories and/or not conforming with Benford's law (54% of PMFS); (iii) signs of exploitation outside the authorized polygon limits (51% of PMFS) and signs of clear-cutting (43% of PMFS); (iv) no signs of infrastructure compatible with licensed forestry (24% of PMFS); and (v) signs of exploitation prior to the licensing (19% of PMFS) and after the expiration of licensing (5%). ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Perazzoni, F., Bacelar-Nicolau, P., & Painho, M. (2020). Geointelligence against illegal deforestation and timber laundering in the Brazilian Amazon. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(6), 1-29. [398]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060398 ; Due to the characteristics of the Southern Amazonas Mesoregion (Mesorregião Sul do Amazonas, MSA), conducting on-site surveys in all licensed forestry areas (Plano de Manejo Florestal, PMFS) is an impossible task. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to: (i) analyze the use of geointelligence (GEOINT) techniques to support the evaluation of PMFS; and (ii) verify if the PMFS located in the MSA are being executed in accordance with Brazilian legislation. A set of twenty-two evaluation criteria were established. These were initially applied to a "standard" PMFS and subsequently replicated to a larger area of 83 PMFS, located in the MSA. GEOINT allowed for a better understanding of each PMFS, identifying illegal forestry activities and evidence of timber laundering. Among these results, we highlight the following evidences: (i) inconsistencies related to total transport time and prices declared to the authorities (48% of PMFS); (ii) volumetric information incompatible with official forest inventories and/or not conforming with Benford's law (37% of PMFS); (iii) signs of exploitation outside the authorized polygon limits (35% PMFS) and signs of clear-cutting (29% of PMFS); (iv) no signs of infrastructure compatible with licensed forestry (17% of PMFS); and (v) signs of exploitation prior to the licensing (13% of PMFS) and after the expiration of licensing (3%). ; publishersversion ; publishersversion ; published

Weerapanpisit, P., Trilles, S., Huerta, J., & Painho, M. (2022). A Decentralised Location-Based Reputation Management System in the IoT using Blockchain. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. [Advanced online publication on 31 January 2022]. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2022.3147478 --- Funding: This study was supported by the TRUST4IoE project of the Programa Estatal de Proyectos de I+D de Generación de Conocimiento of the Spanish government (grant number PID2019-104065GA-I00). Sergio Trilles has been funded by the postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva fellowship programme of the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (IJC2018-035017-I). ; The Internet of Things allows an object to connect to the Internet and observe or interact with a physical phenomenon. The communication technologies allow one IoT device to discover and communicate with another in order to exchange services, in a similar way to what humans do in their social networks. Knowing the reputation of another device is important to consider whether it is trustworthy before establishing a new connection and thus avoid possible unexpected behaviours as a consequence. Trustworthiness, as a property of a device, can be affected by different factors including its geographical location. Hence, this research work proposes an architecture to manage reputation values of end devices in an IoT system based on the area where they are located. A cloud-fog-edge architecture is proposed, where the fog layer uses the Blockchain technology to keep the reputation management system consistent and fault-tolerant across different nodes. The location-based part of the system was done by storing geographical areas in Smart Contracts (coined as Geospatial Smart Contracts) and making the reputation values subject to different regions depending on the geographical location of the device. To reduce the complexity of the spatial computation, the geographical data are geocoded by either one of two different spatial indexing techniques. This work also introduced two different ...

Weerapanpisit, P., Trilles, S., Huerta, J., & Painho, M. (2021). Enabling geospatial context in an iot decentralised reputation management system using ethereum smart contracts. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Omni-Layer Intelligent Systems, COINS 2021 (pp. 1-6). (2021 IEEE International Conference on Omni-Layer Intelligent Systems, COINS 2021). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/COINS51742.2021.9524217 --- Funding Information: This study was supported by the TRUST4IoE project of the Programa Estatal de Proyectos de I+D de Generación de Conocimiento of the Spanish government (grant number PID2019-104065GA-I00). Sergio Trilles has been funded by the postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva fellowship programme of the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (IJC2018-035017-I). 978-1-6654-3156-9/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE Publisher Copyright: © 2021 IEEE. ; Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is a concept that integrates the Internet of Things and human social networks. An SIoT system has to store and manage device reputation values, which are used by end devices to determine the trustworthiness of another one. This device trustworthiness can also be affected by its geographical location. In this work, we introduced an architecture that includes the geospatial context in the part concerned with reputation management. The proposed architecture is based on the cloud-fog-edge architecture and uses the fog layer as the management system. The devices in the fog layer form an Ethereum Blockchain network and store the Smart Contracts. These in turn allow the management functionalities to be carried out in a decentralised, transparent and secure way, which are the advantages of Blockchain. To enable the characteristics with a geospatial component, it is necessary to apply a geocoding technique. This work shows how geocoding techniques can be adapted to cover the main geospatial functionalities and compares two geocoding options (Geohash or S2). The results showed that it is possible to include the geospatial context in a decentralised reputation management system by using hierarchical geocoding techniques, and the experiments showed that both Geohash and S2 can offer a similar performance in the proposed architecture. ; authorsversion ; published

Victorino, G., Bandeira, R., Painho, M., Henriques, R., & Coelho, P. S. (2022). Rethinking the Campus Experience in a Post-COVID World: A Multi-Stakeholder Design Thinking Experiment. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(13), 1-13. [7655]. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137655 ; In a post-COVID world, rethinking the campus experience is critical for defining new pedagogical strategies. As higher education moves toward more student-centred action learning models, university leaders should engage in democratic design methods that empower students and professors. Design thinking (DT) is a user-centred design approach that can aid in the creation of future learning environments. While DT has been used in innovative space design, we know little about how students, professors, and other community members can act as codesign partners. To understand their role in codesign and how their experiences are incorporated into new building design decisions, we need a conceptual model. To develop this model, we examined a case study of the evolutionary co-design process of a new building for a leading information management school in Europe. Using the concept of three phases of design thinking defined by Brown (2009): Inspire, Ideate, and Implement, we collaborated with a group of 50 design thinking students and more than 500 members of the community representing different stakeholders, to create new spaces and rethink the learning experience. Our discussion will centre on the creation of a participatory design thinking model that positions students as design partners alongside university decision makers. The findings conclude that, by applying design thinking methods, it was possible to unveil new dimensions of the success of future campuses that go beyond the building design. Creating meaningful learning spaces that inspire creativity and critical thinking requires an alignment between human centred design, organizational change management and new pedagogical strategies. ; publishersversion ; published

Surpassing the national perspective usually adopted, the authors confirmed the existence of a pattern of population distribution common to the whole Iberian Peninsula in the long run. This pattern is clearly associated with geographical factors. These variables seem to have more weight in explaining changes between 1877/78 and 1940 than in the period from 1940 to 2001. The observation of the cross-border region has shown that proximity to the frontier has not generated any distinct pattern of population density on either side of the boundary line. The spatial coherence of the observed phenomena throughout the Peninsula and of its evolution, independent of the border between states, reinforces the importance of geographic factors in their explanation. At the same time, this verification opens up new issues related to the effect of national political and economic policies.