Suchergebnisse

From a standpoint of fundamental rights, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) can be considered as having taken a restrictive approach to social security ever since it ruled in case C-333/13, Dano. The ECJ ruled that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union does not apply because Regulation 883/2004 only coordinates member states' social security systems. This has since been raised by national courts in seven further preliminary rulings: case C-647/13, Melchior; case C-408/14, Wojciechowski; case C-284/15, M; case C-89/16, Szoja; case C-447/18, UB; case C-243/19, A; and case C-243/19, CG. In the light of these rulings, this article provides an analysis of social security from a rights perspective. This includes considering and analysing the inherent limitations of the Charter in view of the principle of conferral. The author asks: the Charter and social security rights – time to stand and deliver? If so: deliver what? If not: why not?

The issue at stake in Case C-243/19 A v. Veselības ministrija is whether a personal choice on the part of a patient, based on religious beliefs, must be considered when assessing the need for cross-border healthcare. The Court of Justice of the European Union holds that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is applicable and the right to freedom of religion can be invoked, in addition to medical criteria. However, the sustainability of the healthcare system can be an objective justification for refusal to grant authorisation for cross-border healthcare. Furthermore, the case clarifies – to a certain extent – the parallel tracks for claiming cross-border healthcare.

The issue at stake in Case C-243/19 A v. Veselības ministrija is whether a personal choice on the part of a patient, based on religious beliefs, must be considered when assessing the need for cross-border healthcare. The Court of Justice of the European Union holds that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is applicable and the right to freedom of religion can be invoked, in addition to medical criteria. However, the sustainability of the healthcare system can be an objective justification for refusal to grant authorisation for cross-border healthcare. Furthermore, the case clarifies – to a certain extent – the parallel tracks for claiming cross-border healthcare.

This article begins with an overview of the structure of local governance in Sweden. It then examines the division of competences between municipalities and county councils, and the population register that determines the applicable law. Following this, the article focuses on health care schemes and the possibility for the competent county council to determine substantive health care. The municipalities' responsibility for long term social care is then considered. Finally, the municipalities' room for manoeuvre in relation to the social assistance scheme is reviewed. The concluding section discusses Sweden's decentralised approach to social security.

1. Introduction: Starting Points, Purpose and Methodology -- 1.1. Purpose and Questions -- 1.2. The Theoretical Framework -- 1.3. Materials and Method -- 1.4. Concepts -- 1.5. Disposition -- 2. Social Security, the Territorial Aspect and Regulation 883 -- 2004 -- 2.1. Introduction 0 -- 2.2. Consequence of Territorial Restrictions for Migration Movements -- 2.3. The EU and Coordination of Social Security -- 2.4. Regulation 883 -- 2004 -- 2.5. Conclusion -- 3. Interpretation Methods as a Factor Promoting Integration -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Legal Context -- 3.3. Interpretation Methods as a Factor for Promotion of Integration -- 3.4. Starting Point for Review of the Regulation -- 3.5. Regulation 3 -- 58 -- 3.6. Regulation 1408 -- 71 -- 3.7. Regulation 883 -- 2004 -- 3.8. Conclusion -- 4. From Equal Treatment to Market Access -- 4.1. The Principle of Non-Discrimination -- 4.2. Application of the Principle of Non-Discrimination in the Field of Social Security -- 4.3. Equal Treatment of Facts -- 4.4. Conclusion -- 5. Treaty Before the Regulation -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Social Security Systems not Covered by Regulation 883 -- 2004 -- 5.3. Cross-Border Healthcare -- 5.4. Conclusion -- 6. The Impact of Union Citizenship -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Background -- 6.3. The Understanding of the CJEU of the Concept of Union Citizenship -- 6.4. Directive 2004 -- 38 -- 6.5. The Link Between being a Burden and National Social Security Systems -- 6.6. Bridge Over Troubled Water -- 6.6. Conclusion -- 7. The Charter of Fundamental Rights -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. The Right to Social Security in Relation to the ECHR and other Rights Instruments under the Charter -- of Fundamental Rights -- 7.3. The Contents and Structure of the Charter of Fundamental Rights -- 7.4. Application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights -- 7.5. National Social Security Systems and the Social Rights of the Charter of Fundamental Rights -- 7.6. Social Security and Other Fundamental Rights as a Way to Expand Competences -- 7.7. The European Charter of Fundamental Rights and Union Citizenship -- 7.8. Regulation 883 -- 2004 and the European Charter-Added Value, or Does the Charter Stand on its Two Feet? -- 8. Conclusions -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. What is the Impact of EU Law on National Social Security Systems? -- 8.3. Headed for the Cliff? Or, what Happens in Case of Individualisation of Social Protection from -- the Perspective of EU Law? -- 8.4. Conclusion

Ulf Bernitz -- En outtröttlig visionär / Sven Norberg -- Då och nu -- Några reflektioner över vad som skett med formskyddet sedan oktober 1984 / Marianne Levin -- Marknadsföringsansvar, då och nu / Mathias André -- Förlagsrätt decennier senare / Jan Rosén -- Makt, rätt och liberalismens kris / Ola Wiklund -- En gammal avhandling och några färska reflektioner om upphovsrättens närstående rättigheter / Anna Hammarén -- Thirty years of the Free Movement of Capital in the European Single Market / Sideek M Seyad -- In dubio pro libertate / Eva Edwardsson -- Una retrospettiva ai anni fiorentini: moderna mönster för regelskrivning om den inre marknaden / Carl Fredrik Bergström -- Allmänna rättsprinciper i EU:s domstol -- Från styrmedel till toppstyrning? / Jörgen Hettne -- Suveränitetserosion? Avstannande eller eskalerande??Jaan Paju -- Gryningsräder -- Snart ett minne blott? / Helene Andersson -- Ulf Bernitz -- Världens bästa handledare / Pernilla Norman och Robert Moldén -- Ulfs doktorer

Cover -- Title Page -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- PART I: INTRODUCTION -- 1. Free Movement of Persons in the Nordic States -- PART II: THE INTERPLAY OF EU LAW, EEA LAW AND NORDIC COOPERATION: VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES -- 2. The Vision and Legal Reality of Regional Integration in the Nordic States -- 3. Free Movement of Persons in the Nordic States through EU Law and EEA Law -- 4. Fundamental Rights of the Individual in EEA Law: The Tension between the ECHR Standards and the EU Charter -- 5. Closure of Borders in the Three Nordic EU Member States During the Covid-19 Pandemic -- PART III: THE INDIVIDUAL'S ACCESS TO FREE MOVEMENT RIGHTS IN THE NORDIC REGION -- 6. Free Movement Rights in Denmark -- 7. Free Movement Rights in Sweden -- 8. Free Movement Rights in Finland -- 9. Free Movement Rights in Norway -- 10. Free Movement Rights in Iceland -- 11. Free Movement of Persons and the Autonomous Territories in the Danish Kingdom: Greenland and the Faroe Islands -- PART IV: CONCLUSION -- 12. Flickering Contours of a Nordic Citizenship Encircling a Legal Core of EU/EEA Law -- Index -- Copyright Page.

The resilience of the EU single market's building blocks in the face of digitalization / Sybe A. de Vries -- The principle of sincere cooperation, the Charter and digitalisation / John Temple Lang -- Judicial development of EU fundamental rights law in the digital era : a fresh look at the concept of 'general principles' / Dorota Leczykiewicz -- The approach of the CJEU in the era of digitalization : free movement in relation to the Internet at Its 25th anniversary / Ulla Neergaard -- Proportionality beyond the Constitution : the impact of the principle on EU digitalization legislation / Ton van den Brink -- General principles of EU law for the collaborative economy / Vassilis Hatzopoulos -- EU non-discrimination law in the era of artificial intelligence : mapping the challenges of algorithmic discrimination / Raphaële Xenidis & Linda Senden -- Here, There and Everywhere: The right to privacy in the context of good administration in cross-border coordination of social security matters / Jaan Paju -- Balancing fundamental rights as a method for enforcing digital copyright in the EU : exploring the institutional implications / Antonina Bakardjieva Engelbrekt -- The gravitational force of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in EU copyright law / Stefan Kulk -- Proportionality in the CJEU's Internet copyright case law : invasive or resilient? / Tuomas Mylly -- General principles of European competition law and the 'modern bigness' of digital power : the Missing link between general principles of public economic law and competition law / Anna Gerbrandy -- Portability in datasets under intellectual property, competition law, and Blockchain / Björn Lundqvist -- Applying the principle of proportionality in the assessment of online sales restrictions : does the ECJ manage to strike a balance? / Helene Andersson -- Anarchy, state, and Blockchain utopia : rule of law versus lex cryptographia / Thibault Schrepel -- Governance of digital technology : towards principles for the regulation of the design, implementation and monitoring of AI systems / Lucky Belder -- Reconciling privacy by design with the principle of transparency / Lianne Colonna -- Towards general principles 2.0 : the application of general principles of EU law in the digital society / Xavier Groussot, Anna Zemskova & Eduardo Gill-Pedro.