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AbstractIn the new economic scenario, characterized by a rapidly changing environment, companies are pushed into seeking new responses in order to survive and succeed. Companies are looking for new activities to improve their economic performance. Furthermore, these activities have been focused on innovation and/or socially responsible aspects. This paper analyzes the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), innovation and its effect on performance. Especially, it shows if innovation has a fundamental role in the development of socially responsible practices or if social issues are responsible for practices that lead to greater innovation and, consequently, to greater performance. Data were collected from a sample of 121 Spanish wineries. The results show that CSR and innovation act as a mediator depending on the measurement of performance used. CSR, specifically, acts as a mediator between innovation and objective performance. However, managers perceive that the relationship between CSR and performance improves through innovation activities.

AbstractThis study proposes a conceptual model with the capacity to substantially explain the boycott behavior. As a first step for the validation of the proposed model, an empirical study has been carried out, focusing on the boycott promoted towards the territory of Catalonia (Spain). Following the postulates of the theory of reasoned action, the effect that the intention to participate in the boycott will have on effective behavior is considered, but social influence, the importance given to brands and the perceived legitimacy of a boycott are also included. Concepts as the attitude towards boycotts as a measure of pressure to change actions and decisions, the perceived usefulness of the boycott and animosity towards the boycott object are included in the model as antecedents to the intention to participate in the boycott. Finally, it is postulated that the legitimacy given to boycott behavior and the ethical ideology based on idealism are explanatory factors for the attitude towards boycott behavior. The relevance of the study is established by the need to respond to boycotts in an appropriate way. This paper can be useful, by pointing out the main factors that cause an individual to take an active part in a boycott.

AbstractIn the scientific literature, there is little evidence of empirical research concerning the impact of fair trade (FT) on shopping behaviour (this is practically non‐existent, if we consider studies in emerging economies. For this reason, the aim of this research is to analyse to what extent consumers value FT practices in the context of an emerging economy and how these affect their purchase intentions. For this purpose, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) is used. The data are based on a sample of 409 consumers of an emerging economy (Peru). According to the results, the intention to purchase FT products by Peruvian consumers depends directly on the variables FT knowledge and attitude towards FT. Furthermore, the indirect influence on the purchase intention of the beliefs about FT variable is verified. On the other hand, the results obtained indicate that there are no differences between Peruvian women and men in terms of direct relations among model constructs. These results enable understanding consumer valuations of emerging economies concerning the responsible practices of firms. The study's findings have significant implications for the management of FT by public organisations and firms. There is evidence that consumers can start to value these FT policies, since they show a favourable disposition towards the consumption of products made or marketed with FT practices.

Abstract To assist Ecuadorian chia seed producers in their quest for internationalisation. This article uses a case study to present a methodology which assists in the selection of the most suitable export market for a product. It is based on a diverse range of indicators grouped into 7 dimensions that were used to analyse the 27 member countries of the European Union in order to determine the most suitable export market for chia seeds from Ecuador. Germany is the biggest European importer of chia seeds with a 55% share, followed by the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Spain. It presents a methodology for market selection that can be employed as a tool for international expansion which can easily be used by companies in search of the most suitable export market for their products.

PurposeThe main objective of this study is to identify some of the variables that affect the perception of Brazil country brand, as well as the knowledge of the relationships between them.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model aims to find out the influence of the affective image, the cognitive image, the identity and the reputation on the country brand. Partial Least Squares (PLS) is the method used to test the proposed model.FindingsAccording to the results obtained, it seems that both identity and reputation have a positive and significant effect on the country brand. On the other hand, the cognitive image is positively related to identity and the affective image, while it is surprising that the affective image itself shows no significant influence on identity.Originality/valueThe study is of particular interest to the policy makers of territories, explaining the factors they must influence in order to successfully enhance the country brand. It also contributes to theoretical development by proposing a conceptual model that highlights the importance of the cognitive image in the country brand, due to its effect on the affective image and identity.