Suchergebnisse

Self-reports are the most common way of measuring information and communications technology (ICT) skills in social surveys. Studies comparing self-reported computer skills with objective assessments have found evidence of significant overreporting of skills, but were conducted only among non-representative groups of individuals. This paper fills an important gap by analysing the degree to which ICT skills are overreported in the working-age population of Poland, and the potential causes of this behaviour. We compare answers to Eurostat questions on ICT usage with direct assessments of the corresponding tasks. The results suggest that those individuals who are most likely to possess ICT skills are also most likely to overreport having these skills. The propensity to overreport decreases with age and increases with years of education and numeracy level; women are less likely than men to overestimate their skills. The positive relationship between the probability of a group to overreport their own skills and their expected levels of skills suggests that social desirability bias may explain this phenomenon.

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of becoming unemployed on the well-being of young people. Particularly, we examine to what extent this relationship is moderated by the local unemployment rate. To address this topic, we use the Polish longitudinal dataset: Social Diagnosis: Objective and Subjective Quality of Life in Poland (2005-2015). Using a fixed effect model, we find that young individuals who lost a job feel worse off than their counterparts who remained employed, and that these effects differ by gender, with men being more susceptible to changes in the employment status. Moreover, we show that the impact of unemployment on the well-being of men is the smaller the higher the unemployment rate is. However, contrary to expectations, this effect is driven by the decreasing well-being of employed men and not by a decline in the distress level of unemployed men when aggregate unemployment grows.

This introductory working paper provides the background information necessary to permit analysis for the project, "Social Exclusion of Youth in Europe: Cumulative Disadvantage, Coping Strategies, Effective Policies and Transfer, EXCEPT". Focusing on recent school leavers in European countries, it compares various indicators for youth labour market exclusion and insecurity which are based on several micro-data sources. The report interprets the situation on the labour market during three periods and it is built around three main research topics: labour market exclusion, insecure employment and the labour market transitions affecting recent school leavers. The main results of this report in summary are: • recent school leavers experience more disadvantage on the labour market than prime age workers: they are more likely to be unemployed or NEET (neither in education, employment nor training), • the labour market situation of recent school leavers was damaged by the current economic crisis in the majority of European countries (except Germany), • unemployment of recent school leavers varies considerably between the European countries; Greece, Spain, Italy and Croatia provide the worst employment prospects for graduates, • educational attainment is the most important factor that improves the chance of recent school leavers to enter the labour market, • labour market insecurity for recent school leavers is closely related to labour market policy and country specific employment regulations, • in Southern Europe recent school leavers are overrepresented as temporary and part-time workers and are forced into these types of employment owing to the lack of available permanent job contracts, • in post-socialist countries, atypical, insecure forms of employment are a rare phenomenon for both recent school leavers and prime age workers, • in Spain, Greece and Italy, the labour market exclusion of recent school leavers, as depicted by high unemployment rates, overlaps high employment insecurity, • labour market entry trajectories differ between EU countries for recent school leavers. In Southern Europe and some post-socialist countries there is low labour market mobility, while in Austria and The Netherlands, and the UK, the transition of recent graduates into employment is much faster. ; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ; Marta Palczyńska