ABSTRACT Objectives: To describe and analyze the coverage profile of directly observed treatment for tuberculosis in 59 priority municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, through the creation and comparison of groups homogenized by the number of people in each municipality from 2006 to 2012. Method: Quantitative, epidemiological and descriptive study based on the data available in the EPI-TB and the Statistica 7.0 software databases. Results: The mean and standard deviation of directly observed treatment for the 59 priority municipalities of the state of São Paulo were 77.0 ± 24.3%. The coverage of directly observed treatment increased in 34 municipalities (57.6%) but decreased in 25 (42.4%). Conclusion: Some municipalities could not keep the coverage reached at some point. This coverage heterogeneity should be examined in detail by searching for possible reasons in political-management, technical-operational and funding dimensions.
Objetivo: investigar o processo de planejamento da transferência da política do Tratamento Diretamente Observado da tuberculose. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio de entrevistas e roteiro semiestruturado aplicado a cinco sujeitos, dentre coordenadores e gestores dos programas de controle da tuberculose e o secretário de saúde de um município do Sul do Brasil. O Planejamento Estratégico Situacional e a Análise de Discurso de matriz francesa foram os referenciais teórico e analítico utilizados, respectivamente. Resultados: três eixos reflexivos sobressaíram: as fragilidades no processo de planejamento da transferência do Tratamento Diretamente Observado; o antagonismo entre o planejamento e as exigências cotidianas; e a formulação do planejamento e sua execução. A assistematização do planejamento para a execução da transferência do Tratamento Diretamente Observado indica não apenas a fragilidade e incipiência dessa atividade, mas também a possibilidade de sua inexistência. Conclusão: é notória a premente necessidade de os gestores e coordenadores se apropriarem melhor tanto do referencial teórico da transferência de políticas públicas quanto dos próprios mecanismos de planejamento em si, incluindo, nesse sentido, uma proposta de reorganização e qualificação do processo difusor, prático-operativo e político-organizativo. ; Objective: to investigate the planning pathways in the transfer of Directly Observed Treatment of tuberculosis. Method: a qualitative study conducted using interviews and a semi-structured guide, administered to five subjects who were among the coordinators and managers of the tuberculosis control programs, and the secretary of health of a municipality in the south of Brazil. Situational Strategic Planning and Discourse Analysis of the French matrix were the theoretical and analytical references used, respectively. Results: three reflexive axes were identified: weaknesses in the process of planning the Directly Observed Treatment transfer, antagonism between planning and daily requirements and formulation of planning and execution. Lack of systematization regarding the planning and execution for transfer the Directly Observed Treatment policy, demonstrates the fragility and incipience of this activity, and the possibility of its non-existence. Conclusion: the urgent need for managers and coordinators to better appropriate the theoretical framework for changing public policies, and the related planning mechanisms, includes a proposal for reorganization and qualification of the diffusion process, both practical-operative and political-organization. ; Objetivo: investigar el proceso de planificación de la transferencia de la política del Tratamiento Directamente Observado de la tuberculosis. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado por medio de entrevistas y con guión semiestructurado, aplicado en cinco sujetos: coordinadores y gestores de los programas de control de la tuberculosis y el secretario de salud de un municipio del sur de Brasil. La Planificación Estratégica Situacional y el Análisis de Discurso de matriz francesa fueron los referenciales teóricos y analíticos utilizados, respectivamente. Resultados: tres ejes reflexivos se destacaron: las fragilidades en el proceso de planificación de la transferencia del Tratamiento Directamente Observado; el antagonismo entre la planificación y las exigencias cotidianas y la formulación de la planificación; y su ejecución. La falta de sistematización, de la planificación para la ejecución de la transferencia del Tratamiento Directamente Observado, nos indica no apenas la fragilidad e insipiencia de esta actividad, pero además la posibilidad de que este no exista. Conclusión: es notaria la urgente necesidad de los gestores y coordinadores de conocer mejor tanto el referencial teórico de la transferencia de políticas públicas como los propios mecanismos de planificación, incluyendo con ese propósito una propuesta de reorganización y calificación del proceso difusor, práctico operativo y político organizativo.
ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the planning pathways in the transfer of Directly Observed Treatment of tuberculosis. Method: a qualitative study conducted using interviews and a semi-structured guide, administered to five subjects who were among the coordinators and managers of the tuberculosis control programs, and the secretary of health of a municipality in the south of Brazil. Situational Strategic Planning and Discourse Analysis of the French matrix were the theoretical and analytical references used, respectively. Results: three reflexive axes were identified: weaknesses in the process of planning the Directly Observed Treatment transfer, antagonism between planning and daily requirements and formulation of planning and execution. Lack of systematization regarding the planning and execution for transfer the Directly Observed Treatment policy, demonstrates the fragility and incipience of this activity, and the possibility of its non-existence. Conclusion: the urgent need for managers and coordinators to better appropriate the theoretical framework for changing public policies, and the related planning mechanisms, includes a proposal for reorganization and qualification of the diffusion process, both practical-operative and political-organization.
Objetivo discutir el derecho a la salud, su incorporación en los instrumentos jurídicos y las consecuencias en la práctica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, en Mozambique. Método se trata de un análisis documental, de orden cualitativo, que después de lectura exhaustiva e interpretativa de los instrumentos jurídicos y de obras que versan sobre el derecho a la salud, acceso y cobertura universal, resultaron en la construcción de tres categorías empíricas: instrumentos de los derechos humanos y su interrelación con la construcción del derecho a la salud; sistema nacional de salud en Mozambique; y vacíos entre teoría y práctica en la consolidación del derecho a la salud en el país. Resultados Mozambique ratificó varios instrumentos jurídicos internacionales y regionales (de África) que tratan sobre el derecho a la salud y los aseguró en su Constitución. Sin embargo, su incorporación por el Sistema Nacional de Salud ha sido limitada, ya que no consigue ofrecer acceso y cobertura universal a los servicios de salud de forma ecuánime en toda su extensión territorial y en los distintos niveles de atención. Conclusiones la efectuación del derecho a la salud es compleja y exigirá del Estado una movilización de acciones conjuntas de políticas financieras, educacionales, tecnológicas, habitacionales, saneamiento y administración, así como, la garantía del acceso y cobertura universal a la salud. ; Objective to discuss the right to health, incorporation into the legal instruments and the deployment in practice in the National Health System in Mozambique. Method this is a documentary analysis of a qualitative nature, which after thorough and interpretative reading of the legal instruments and articles that deal with the right to health, access and universal coverage, resulted in the construction of three empirical categories: instruments of humans rights and their interrelationship with the development of the right to health; the national health system in Mozambique; gaps between theory and practice in the consolidation of the right to health in the country. Results Mozambique ratified several international and regional legal instruments (of Africa) that deal with the right to health and which are ensured in its Constitution. However, their incorporation into the National Health Service have been limited because it can not provide access and universal coverage to health services in an equitable manner throughout its territorial extension and in the different levels of care. Conclusions the implementation of the right to health is complex and will require mobilization of the state and political financial, educational, technological, housing, sanitation and management actions, as well as ensuring access to health, and universal coverage. ; Objetivo discutir o direito à saúde, incorporação nos instrumentos jurídicos e o desdobramento na prática no Sistema Nacional de Saúde, em Moçambique. Método trata-se de uma análise documental, de cunho qualitativo, que após leitura exaustiva e interpretativa dos instrumentos jurídicos e de obras que versam sobre o direito à saúde, acesso e cobertura universal, resultaram na construção de três categorias empíricas: instrumentos dos direitos humanos e sua inter-relação com a construção do direito à saúde; sistema nacional de saúde em Moçambique; lacunas entre teoria e prática na consolidação do direito à saúde no país. Resultados Moçambique ratificou vários instrumentos jurídicos internacionais e regionais (da África) que tratam sobre o direito à saúde e assegurou em sua Constituição. No entanto, sua incorporação pelo Sistema Nacional de Saúde tem sido limitada, pois não consegue oferecer acesso e cobertura universal aos serviços de saúde de forma equânime em toda sua extensão territorial e nos distintos níveis de atenção. Conclusões a efetivação do direito à saúde é complexa e exigirá do Estado uma mobilização de ações conjuntas de políticas financeiras, educacionais, tecnológicas, habitacionais, saneamento e gestão, assim como, a garantia do acesso e cobertura universal à saúde.
ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the possibilities of positive and negative association of improvisation and the understanding of what will be the planning by managers and coordinators of tuberculosis control programs, in a context of transference of the Directly Observed Treatment policy. Method: this is a qualitative study, developed through semi-structured interviews analyzed in the light of French Discourse Analysis. Results: there was a weakening of the constructive and operational planning process, which is at the mercy of political will and the need of putting out fires. This, in turn, along with achômetro (Brazilian popular expression used on unsubstantiated point of view or opinion that is based solely and exclusively on the intuition of the person who says it), composed the metaphor of improvisation in its negative perspective, understood by automatism and unsystematization process. Improvisation, however, emerged as a representation of innovation, creativity, and contextual change. Final considerations: both the planning and the transfer of public policies constitute processes that need to be strengthened and qualified in the field of public health.
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the discourses of health professionals about the obstacles in the process of detection and reporting of tuberculosis cases in Mozambique. Method: Qualitative exploratory study with a theoretical-methodological approach of Discourse Analysis of French matrix. The study was conducted in Mozambique in 2014 at three levels: central, provincial and district. The study included 15 health professionals, 4 physicians, 6 technicians and 5 nursing professionals, who worked in the National Tuberculosis Control Program, with more than 1 year of experience. Result: The following discursive blocks emerged: Detection of tuberculosis cases in laboratories; Underreporting of tuberculosis cases; Obstacles to detect cases of tuberculosis: long distances and lack of transport; and Reporting of cases for decision making. Final considerations: The discourses analyzed point to the ideological affiliation that includes the lack of investment policies in the health sector and the political commitment as basic obstacles in the detection and reporting of tuberculosis cases.
A pesquisa objetivou analisar a relação entre as singularidades do doente com história de abandono do tratamento de tuberculose e a atenção dispensada pela equipe de saúde da família à luz do conceito de vínculo. A construção do material empírico deu-se por meio de entrevistas gravadas, no período de julho a setembro de 2008, utilizando-se a História Oral Temática. Foram entrevistados nove usuários que tiveram o abandono como critério de encerramento para o tratamento da tuberculose em dois municípios da região metropolitana de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado conforme a técnica da análise do discurso. Identificou-se que uma relação terapêutica, com partilha de compromissos e valorização do usuário, fortalece o vínculo e produz a democratização da gestão do cuidado. Por outro lado, uma relação vertical, com vínculo fragilizado, opõe-se ao propósito de uma prática inter-subjetiva na perspectiva da co-gestão do cuidado. ; This study aimed to analyze the relation between the singularities of the sick subject with the history of dropping out of the tuberculosis treatment and the care given by the family health team in light of the bonding concept. The empirical material was built through recorded interviews, in the period from July to September of 2008, using the Thematic Oral History methodology. Interviews were taken with nine users whose drop out was the criteria for closing the treatment to tuberculosis in two municipalities of the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The analysis was performed according to the discourse analysis technique. The study identified that a therapeutic relation, sharing commitments and the user's valuation, strengthens the bonding and produces the care management democratization. On the other hand, a vertical relation, with fragile bonding, is opposed to the purpose of an intersubjective practice in the perspective of the care co-management. ; La investigación objetivó analizar la relación entre las singularidades del enfermo con historial de abandono del tratamiento de la tuberculosis y la atención dispensada por el equipo de salud familiar a la luz del concepto vincular. La construcción del material empírico se realizó a través de entrevistas grabadas, en el período de julio a setiembre de 2008, utilizándose la Historia Oral Temática. Fueron entrevistados nueve usuarios que consideraron al abandono como criterio de cierre para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, en dos municipios de la región metropolitana de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. El análisis se realizó de acuerdo a la técnica de análisis del discurso. Se identificó que una relación terapéutica, con reparto de compromisos y valorización del usuario, fortalece el vínculo y produce una democratización de la gestión de atención. Asimismo, una relación vertical, con vínculo fragilizado, se opone al propósito de una práctica intersubjetiva en la perspectiva de la cogestión de la atención.
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze whether user-centered nursing practices in TB DOT are being carried out and are contributing to democracy. Method: A cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive study with 123 nurses in three capital cities with high incidence of TB (Manaus-AM, João Pessoa-PB, Porto Alegre-RS) in Brazil. Data were collected from January to June 2014. Descriptive and multiple correspondence analyzes were used. Results: It was identified that the most user-centered care actions had scores below 50%, considered unfavorable to the exercise of democracy. In the analysis of the general user-centered practice score per municipality, Manaus and João Pessoa presented unfavorable results, and the municipality of Porto Alegre was partially favorable. Conclusion: The three municipalities need to advance in the implementation of user-centered practices in DOT, because their health system still has difficulties and challenges to overcome.
