Suchergebnisse

During the twentieth century the population of Latin America has undergone three momentous shifts. One of these affected mortality, and the other two involved marital and general fertility. Different countries, however, experienced these shifts at different times and with different intensities. As a consequence, the patterns of population growth are very diverse and difficult to classify. In this article an attempt is made to construct a typology of population trends in Latin America by identifying similarities and differences in the levels, patterns, and changes of fertility and mortality. The typology is used to review the most important macro and micro determinants of the observed population trends.

Résumé Palloni Alberto. — Une méthode indépendante du modèle de mortalité pour estimer l'ex- haustivité de l'enregistrement des décès infanto-juvéniles. L'auteur présente une méthode qui permet d'estimer les quotients de mortalité entre anniversaires à l'intérieur de l'intervalle d'âge 0-4. Le procédé ne dépend pas du choix d'un modèle de mortalité et demande de connaître seulement : 1) les quotients de mortalité entre la naissance et les âges 2, 3 et 5 ans (qui sont généralement estimés par la technique des modèles de Brass); 2) les effectifs de naissances et ceux de décès dans le groupe d'âges 0-4 ans, pour une période de temps qui ne dépasse pas les 5 années ayant précédé la période pour laquelle on recherche des estimations. Les naissances et les décès ne sont pas corrigés de l'incomplétude de l'enregistrement. Une application de la méthode est donnée pour deux pays d'Amérique latine.

Our goal in this paper is to describe levels and trends of female headed households in Latin America during the past twenty years. The data available to us do not support the idea that the breakup of the traditional family, the advent of massive rural- urban migratory flows, and the disruptions produced by rapid urbanization and industrialization leads inevitably to increases in female headship. Female headship does increase by a small amount in three countries but declines or remains invariant everywhere else. We find remarkable similarities across countries in the age-patterns of female headship as well as in the compositional factors accounting for it, namely, marital status, education, poverty and urban-rual residence.

This paper explores the linkages between economic cycles and demographic processes in Latin America since 1900. We identify the mechanisms through which economic conditions have an impact on demographic outcomes and assess the demographic and socioeconomic consequences of the 1980s. Selected historical evidence is reviewed to illustrate the effects of economic cycles in Western Europe and, aided by an heuristic framework, tentative hypotheses are derived to interpret empirical evidence about the effects of the 1929 and 1980 depressions in selected Latin American countries. Results show that the demograhic consequences of the Great Depression were nontrivial. The analyses of demographic and socioeconomic responses of the post‐1980 recession, however, reveal only weak linkages for some outcomes. We argue that the weak relationships may mask important transformations currently underway and conclude with a discussion of the implications for future research.