Suchergebnisse

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are often found playing a critical role in facilitating aspects of protected area comanagement in the Global South. In Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia, three NGOs facilitated comanagement between 1998 and 2006. This article assesses the extent to which the comanagement strategies and approaches of these NGOs were aligned with their policy aims. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) focused on biodiversity conservation, whereas Yayasan Tanah Merdeka (YTM) and Yayasan Jambata (YJ) supported indigenous rights to resource extraction. Their strategies appeared to be consistent with their aims. Both YTM and YJ concentrated their efforts in indigenous communities with fewer customary rights and larger proportions of their territories located inside the park. By contrast, TNC targeted a much larger number of communities with larger territories and forest areas, which were vulnerable to the spread of cocoa cultivation. The evidence for an alignment between aims and approaches is mixed. The NGOs' approaches were influenced by local actors, particularly indigenous leaders and institutions, who used comanagement as a means of strengthening claims to customary territories. Communities obtained extraction rights, and many negotiated the right to exclude outsiders from their territories, which may have helped contain the spread of cocoa cultivation.

This is a telegram from Charles A. Palmer to Laurence L Doggett dated June 8 1916. In the telegram Palmer tells Doggett that he will not be able to make it to Springfield College at this time. The back is also shown. It has some information about the Western Union Telegraph Company. ; Charles A. Palmer grew up in Ottawa, Ontario, and graduated from the Silver Bay Summer School in 1909. He served as the physical director and then general secretary for the St. Johnsbury YMCA (Vermont). Palmer then traveled back to Canada, where he attended the Quebec Provisional Military School. After graduating with a captain's commission, he served as captain and adjutant to the Highland Cadet Battalion. It appears that Palmer graduated from Springfield College in 1916, before he was called to fight with the 5th Pioneers, Overseas Battalion. During the war, he was promoted to captain. After the war, Palmer taught physical education and coached at Stadium High School in Tacoma, Washington. His swimming team and tennis team both won several state championships. During this time, he also coached the Tacoma YMCA team on to win several Pacific Northwest championships. He died on June 25, 1945.

A four-page hand-written letter from Charles A. Palmer to Laurence L Doggett dated June 17, 1916. In the letter Palmer thanks Doggett and the rest of the Springfield College faculty and trustees for allowing him to graduate, and that he is sorry that he could not get leave in time to make it to the graduation himself. ; Charles A. Palmer grew up in Ottawa, Ontario, and graduated from the Silver Bay Summer School in 1909. He served as the physical director and then general secretary for the St. Johnsbury YMCA (Vermont). Palmer then traveled back to Canada, where he attended the Quebec Provisional Military School. After graduating with a captain's commission, he served as captain and adjutant to the Highland Cadet Battalion. Palmer graduated from Springfield College in 1916, before he was called to fight with the 5th Pioneers, Overseas Battalion. During the war, he was promoted to captain. After the war, Palmer taught physical education and coached at Stadium High School in Tacoma, Washington. His swimming team and tennis team both won several state championships. During this time, he also coached the Tacoma YMCA team on to win several Pacific Northwest championships. He died on June 25, 1945.

A four-page letter from Charles (Chas.) A. Palmer to Frank N. Seerley dated May 23th, 1916. In this letter, Palmer corrects Seerley on information regarding the years he attended the college from a newsletter he received from the latter. He also shares his feelings about hearing that a person he knew died. Lastly, he writes some of his experiences while stationed in Cornwall. ; Charles A. Palmer grew up in Ottawa, Ontario, and graduated from the Silver Bay Summer School in 1909. He served as the physical director and then general secretary for the St. Johnsbury YMCA (Vermont). Palmer then traveled back to Canada, where he attended the Quebec Provisional Military School. After graduating with a captain's commission, he served as captain and adjutant to the Highland Cadet Battalion. Palmer graduated from Springfield College in 1916, before he was called to fight with the 5th Pioneers, Overseas Battalion. During the war, he was promoted to captain. After the war, Palmer taught physical education and coached at Stadium High School in Tacoma, Washington. His swimming team and tennis team both won several state championships. During this time, he also coached the Tacoma YMCA team on to win several Pacific Northwest championships. He died on June 25, 1945. Frank N. Seerley graduated from the International Young Men's Christian Association College in 1890 and began working at the college as an instructor in the same year. He served as a member of the Springfield Board of Education from 1896 to 1912. In 1907, he served as an official lecturer for the American Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis. From 1917 to 1918, he gave lectures on sex hygiene in encampments for the War Work Council. After World War 1, he served as Dean of Springfield College from 1918 to 1934. Seerley was awarded the Tarbell Medallion in 1942.

A three-page letter from Charles (Chas,) A. Palmer to Frank N. Seerley, dated May 10, 1916. In the two pages of the letter, Palmer informs Seerley of his current and future travels, stating that he had written the letter while on the train. He also notes that he has gained permission to go to a famous government war school in Europe and asks if Seerley can send information about Palmer's school subjects and the practical work done at Springfield College. Lastly, Palmer gives an update about the other Springfield men he has met, such as Talbot and Armitage. On the third page of the letter is an address. ; Charles A. Palmer grew up in Ottawa, Ontario, and graduated from the Silver Bay Summer School in 1909. He served as the physical director and then general secretary for the St. Johnsbury YMCA (Vermont). Palmer then traveled back to Canada, where he attended the Quebec Provisional Military School. After graduating with a captain's commission, he served as captain and adjutant to the Highland Cadet Battalion. Palmer graduated from Springfield College in 1916, before he was called to fight with the 5th Pioneers, Overseas Battalion. During the war, he was promoted to captain. After the war, Palmer taught physical education and coached at Stadium High School in Tacoma, Washington. His swimming team and tennis team both won several state championships. During this time, he also coached the Tacoma YMCA team on to win several Pacific Northwest championships. He died on June 25, 1945.

A twelve-page letter from Charles (Chas.) A. Plamer to Isabel A. Richardson dated October 25th, 1915. In this letter, Palmer informs Richardson about his experience working with the Canadian Army with the hospital. He tells her that enclosed in the letter is an order for 2 shillings and asks for her to send 50 shells, either plain or riled. Palmer also writes about the course and lectures at the school he attends and states that he has recently gathered material and knowledge for his thesis. Lastly, he asked her to send the address of a man he has "lost track of" that he would like to find. ; Charles A. Palmer grew up in Ottawa, Ontario, and graduated from the Silver Bay Summer School in 1909. He served as the physical director and then general secretary for the St. Johnsbury YMCA (Vermont). Palmer then traveled back to Canada, where he attended the Quebec Provisional Military School. After graduating with a captain's commission, he served as captain and adjutant to the Highland Cadet Battalion. Palmer graduated from Springfield College in 1916, before he was called to fight with the 5th Pioneers, Overseas Battalion. During the war, he was promoted to captain. After the war, Palmer taught physical education and coached at Stadium High School in Tacoma, Washington. His swimming team and tennis team both won several state championships. During this time, he also coached the Tacoma YMCA team on to win several Pacific Northwest championships. He died on June 25, 1945.

Up until now the debate in terms of the scientific and economic implications of avoided deforestation has not been brought together. This book gathers together important research findings in the area along with their policy implications, whilst linking avoided deforestation to political economy as well as to the latest developments in environmental and natural resource economics.

National-level strategies for reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD), financed by international transfers, have begun to emerge. A three-sector model is developed to explore the economy-wide effects of two policies implemented by a government participating in REDD that differ in how they bring together incentives and benefit sharing: an incentive payment scheme where these are intrinsically linked and taxes where they are separated. Two sectors utilise forest as an input to production, one in which forest is substitutable for labour, producing a carbon externality, and one in which forest and labour are complements and where forest is used sustainably. Two important effects determine model outcomes. First, the government factors in general equilibrium effects when determining the efficient payment level. This implies that the level of international transfers is not fully passed through to the forest-using sectors. Second, even though the sustainable sector receives no incentive payment it can increase in size through the effect of REDD payments on markets. With political influence, where incentives and benefit sharing are linked the forest-using sectors may lobby for lower payment rates for themselves in order to create a larger international transfer. Where there is a separation between incentives and benefit-sharing this effect disappears. The findings indicate that REDD may be less cost-effective than envisioned at the international level.

National-level strategies for reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD), financed by international transfers, have begun to emerge. A three-sector model is developed to explore the economy-wide effects of two policies implemented by a government participating in REDD that differ in how they bring together incentives and benefit sharing: an incentive payment scheme where these are intrinsically linked and taxes where they are separated. Two sectors utilise forest as an input to production, one in which forest is substitutable for labour, producing a carbon externality, and one in which forest and labour are complements and where forest is used sustainably. Two important effects determine model outcomes. First, the government factors in general equilibrium effects when determining the efficient payment level. This implies that the level of international transfers is not fully passed through to the forest-using sectors. Second, even though the sustainable sector receives no incentive payment it can increase in size through the effect of REDD payments on markets. With political influence, where incentives and benefit sharing are linked the forest-using sectors may lobby for lower payment rates for themselves in order to create a larger international transfer. Where there is a separation between incentives and benefit-sharing this effect disappears. The findings indicate that REDD may be less cost-effective than envisioned at the international level.