Suchergebnisse

El lavado de activo se ha caracterizado como un delito frecuente perpetrado por organizaciones criminales que en diversos casos se han fusionado delictivamente con empresas, afectando a la sociedad y en particular a la economía del país, cuyo propósito es ocultar el origen de los recursos ilícitos para pretender convertirlos en lícitos para integrarlo en el mercado económico. El agente sólo le interesa obtener riqueza y poder económico, para después adquirir poder político, tratando de aparecer como legales activos que tienen una procedencia ilícita. La procedencia ilícita de los activos lavados debe acreditarse con prueba directa y/o con prueba indiciaria, aunque ésta última es la más común. La globalización de los mercados ha permitido que estos actos ilícitos se inserten en la economía legal, intentando invertir y limpiar sus ganancias fruto del narcotráfico u otras actividades ilícitas. Para afrontar estos actos delictivos es importante que en nuestro país se capaciten en esta área a los jueces, fiscales, abogados, banqueros, corredores inmobiliarios, entre otros, para que tengan conocimientos específicos para prevenir la ejecución de estos delitos. De estar comprometidos las empresas, el poder judicial debe aplicar el levantamiento del velo societario dado que sus activos tienen una procedencia delictiva, este aporte lo fundamentaremos en el desarrollo de la presente tesis. En cuanto al delito fuente o delito previo al que hace mención la "Casación N° 92-2017- Arequipa, sigue siendo un elemento normativo del tipo objetivo de los artículos 1° 2° y 3° del Decreto Legislativo N° 1106, modificado por el Decreto Legislativo N° 1249 y que cumple una triple función dogmática, como es: (i) otorga contenido al objeto material del delito; (ii) da sentido a la imputación subjetiva; y (iii) justifica la agravante de la pena. En tal sentido, no se puede negar que el delito previo constituye un elemento normativo del delito de lavado de activos, porque implicaría defender una interpretación formal y asistemática de los ...

The preparation of continuous layers of highly hydrophobic pure silica ITQ-29 zeolite, potentially applicable as hydrophobic membranes for separation of molecules based on their polarity, has been investigated. Continuous layers of intergrown ITQ-29 zeolite crystals were successfully grown on porous alumina supports by optimization of the synthesis conditions, such as the appropriate selection of the seeds, the procedure for the gel preparation, and the calcination conditions. This resulted in the formation of all silica ITQ-29 zeolite layers without the presence of germanium required in previously reported ITQ-29 membranes, with the subsequent improvement in quality and stability, as verified by the absence of cracks after calcination. We have proved that the incorporation of aluminum from the support into the zeolite layer does not occur, neither during the secondary growth nor through migration of aluminum species during calcination. ; This research was funded by the European Research Council, grant ERC-AdG-2014-671093 (SynCatMatch) and the Spanish Government, through "Severo Ochoa" grant SEV-2016-0683 and RTI2018-101784-B-I00

Unspecific peroxygenase (UPO) is a heme-thiolate peroxidase capable of performing with high-selectivity C–H oxyfunctionalizations of great interest in organic synthesis through its peroxygenative activity. However, the convergence of such activity with an unwanted peroxidative activity encumbers practical applications. In this study, we have modified the peroxygenative:peroxidative activity ratio (P:p ratio) of UPO from Agrocybe aegerita by structure-guided evolution. Several flexible loops (Glu1-Pro35, Gly103-Asp131, Ser226-Gly243, Gln254-Thr276 and Ty293-Arg327) were selected on the basis on their B-factors and ΔΔG values. The full ensemble of segments (43% of UPO sequence) was subjected to focused evolution by the Mutagenic Organized Recombination Process by Homologous IN vivo Grouping (MORPHING) method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Five independent mutant libraries were screened in terms of P:p ratio and thermostability. We identified several variants that harbored substitutions at positions 120 and 320 with a strong enhancement in the P:p ratio albeit at the cost of stability. The most thermostable mutant of this process (S226G with an increased T50 of 2°C) was subjected to further combinatorial saturation mutagenesis on Thr120 and Thr320 yielding a collection of variants with modified P:p ratio and recovered stability. Our results seem to indicate the coexistence of several oxidation sites for peroxidative and peroxygenative activities in UPO. ; This work was supported by the European Union [FP7-KBBE-2013-7-613549-INDOX, H2020-BBI-PPP-2015-2-720297-ENZOX2], the COST Action [CM1303 Systems Biocatalysis] and the Spanish Government [BIO2016-79106-R-Lignolution]. ; Peer reviewed

Discrimination between different gases is an essential aspect for industrial and environmental applications involving sensing and separation. Several classes of porous materials have been used in this context, including zeolites and more recently MOFs. However, to reach high selectivities for the separation of gas mixtures is a challenging task that often requires the understanding of the specific interactions established between the porous framework and the gases. Here we propose an approach to obtain an enhanced selectivity based on the use of compartmentalized coordination polymers, named CCP-1 and CCP-2, which are crystalline materials comprising isolated discrete cavities. These compartmentalized materials are excellent candidates for the selective separation of CO2 from methane and nitrogen. A complete understanding of the sorption process is accomplished with the use of complementary experimental techniques including X-ray diffraction, adsorption studies, inelastic- and quasi-elastic neutron scattering, magnetic measurements and molecular dynamics calculations. ; Financial support from the Spanish MINECO (CTQ2014-59209-P, MAT2014-56143-R and MAT2015-71842-P), the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo and ISIC-Nano programs), the EU (ERC2016-CoG 724681-S-CAGE) and the VLC/Campus Program is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the Spanish government for the provision of a Severo Ochoa project (SEV-2012-0267) and a Maria de Maeztu project (MDM-2015-0538). M. G.-M. thanks MICINN for a predoctoral FPU grant and the EU for a Marie Sklodowska-Curie postdoctoral fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-EF658224). N. C. G. thanks the Generalitat Valenciana for a VALi+d predoctoral fellowship. J. A. R.-V. acknowledges CSIC for a JAEdoc contract. G. S. thanks SGAI-CSIC for computing time. G. M. E. acknowledges the Blaise Pascal International Chair for financial support and the Ramon y Cajal Programme. ; Peer reviewed