Suchergebnisse

Este artículo se centra en la inclusividad y la centralización en la selección de candidatos utilizando datos de encuesta con muestras representativas de políticos electos a nivel nacional, regional y local en elecciones entre 2015 y 2018, y argumenta que existen estrategias de selección de candidatos basadas en las diferencias territoriales. Los análisis muestran que pueden coexistir diferentes estrategias de selección de candidatos en entornos multinivel, si bien la relación entre la descentralización territorial y las estrategias de selección de candidatos no es necesariamente aditiva. Las primarias son más comunes para seleccionar candidatos en cámaras regionales y locales, mientras que los candidatos a nivel nacional se seleccionan de forma tan descentralizada como en el nivel regional.
Estos resultados respaldan la importancia de analizar los niveles territoriales para comprender las diferencias en las estrategias de selección

Electoral lists are a key element in electoral systems, particularly because of their implications for the functioning of democracy. However, it is not usual to find studies on how these attributes may be related to the type of candidates included in the electoral lists. We start with an overview of the different types of lists and we portray the cases of Spain and Germany-two different systems in both their formal and informal rules. After that, we use the comparative data of a transnational European survey to see the differences in the profiles of the parliamentarians in the lower houses of both countries. We firstly expected that a more open list system-the German case-would be more inclusive in terms of selection, which was confirmed. We also expected our close-list system in Spain to be more inclusive in parliamentary profiles, and this was the case only for gender, while in terms of age and educational levels and profiles was not. These results allow new inquiries to further research on the relationship between formal and informal factors of candidate selection and demographic representation profiles. ; Los tipos de listas son un elemento central en los sistemas electorales, en particular por sus implicaciones en el funcionamiento de la democracia. Sin embargo, no es habitual encontrar estudios sobre cómo esos atributos pueden estar relacionados con el tipo de candidatos que se incluyen en esas listas. Tras una panorámica general de los distintos tipos de listas y la justificación de los casos de España y Alemania —dos sistemas distintos tanto en sus reglas formales como informales—. Tras esto, usamos los datos comparados de una encuesta trasnacional de ámbito europeo para ver las diferencias en los perfiles de los parlamentarios en las cámaras bajas de ambos países. Nuestra primera expectativa era encontrar mayor inclusividad en la selección en sistemas de listas más abiertas como el alemán, lo cual se confirma. Paralelamente, nuestra expectativa era que un sistema de listas cerradas como el español favorecería mayor inclusividad en los perfiles parlamentarios, pero esto es solo para el caso del género, mientras que ocurre lo contrario para edad y para el nivel y el perfil educativo. Estos resultados abren una vía de investigación sobre la relación entre los factores formales e informales de la selección de candidatos y los perfiles demográficos de representación.

Research in the United States has emphasized the importance of anti-immigrant and anti-Hispanic hostility to galvanize shared identities and a sense of linked fate that is electorally mobilized around the pan-ethnic Latino identity. With survey data on the electoral behavior of South American immigrants in the United States and Spain spanning a decade (2006-2018), this article gauges how critical hostility is for electoral mobilization. The findings suggest that—despite very different institutional settings, hostility levels, elite strategies, and political mobilization patterns—South American immigrants are forging remarkably similar patterns of political preferences and engagement across both sides of the Atlantic. The overtime and comparative perspective calls into question that hostility is the main driving force behind Latino electoral participation and block voting in the United States and prompts greater attention to the socioeconomic status of Latinos and mobilization by political parties.

Research has identified an alarming gap in migrants' descriptive representation across Western European countries with long-standing immigration while showing that not all migrant groups are equally (un)successful in gaining elected office. However, little is known about migrants' political presence in Southern European countries, which have experienced increased immigration in recent decades. We address this research gap for Spain by focusing on the municipal level where minorities' inclusion remains of utmost importance. Conceptually, the article tackles the question of how the interplay between migrants' demographic concentration and specific party features shapes the outcomes of minority descriptive representation. Empirically, we bring novel evidence from an original survey with local party organizations across municipalities returning high shares of Romanian, Moroccan, Latin American, and EU14 migrants. We first demonstrate that, despite being particularly sizeable, all groups remain under-represented in Spanish local politics, although with important differences. At comparable levels of demographic concentration, EU14 and Latin American migrants are almost three times more likely than Romanian migrants and up to seven times more likely than Moroccan migrants to be fielded as candidates. EU14 candidates are also more successful in securing office. Second, our findings confirm that party features shape the contours of minority inclusion: Spanish left-wing and new parties present more diverse local candidacies and place minority office-seekers in safer electoral list positions than right-wing and established parties.

Latin Americans represent one of the most sizable migrant communities in Spain. Yet, unlike other minority groups, they count with longer migration tradition, linguistic and cultural similarities with the Spanish population, and easier access to Spanish nationality. Drawing on original data covering a large number of candidates ( N = 5,055), this article examines whether this apparently favorable configuration guarantees the nomination of candidates from this minority group at local elections in municipalities with strong demographic presence of Latin American residents. Our findings indicate that this group is still underrepresented in Spanish politics. Few Latin American candidates are fielded by political parties, and even fewer (<2%) manage to achieve elected office. To interpret these results, we examine the extent to which Spanish parties field minority candidates. We show that while some parties are proactively including these candidates, only few nominate them in secure positions of the electoral lists and that Spanish parties' inclusiveness does not seem to be aligned with Latin American voters' partisan preferences.