Suchergebnisse

This paper examines the allocation of the legislative authority of the People's Republic of China between the central and local bodies. Given that the special administrative region system is the most characteristic, both in China and globally, a part is retained for the legislation of Hong Kong and Macao. Next, the paper analyzes the hierarchy of legal norms and the method to resolve conflicts between legal norms. Finally, the registration system is discussed to avoid contravention between the lower level law and the higher level, also, the possibility of cancellation is mentioned.

La Ley de la República Popular China para la determinación de la ley aplicable a las relaciones con los extranjeros en materia civil es la norma más reciente y completa de Derecho internacional privado que se ha promulgado en China hasta el momento. Muchas de sus disposiciones han tomado como modelo y referente las regulaciones de distintos países europeos, así como diversos Convenios internacionales, incluidos los elaborados en el seno de la Conferencia de La Haya de Derecho internacional privado. Aunque esta ley no es perfecta y presenta algunos aspectos ciertamente discutibles, ha logrado alcanzar el objetivo de modernizar, en cuanto a su alcance y contenido, la técnica legislativa existente. Esta Ley es, en definitiva, un resultado más del movimiento de renovación legal del Derecho internacional privado que está teniendo lugar en China, como parte del proceso de integración de este país en la comunidad internacional.Palabras clave: normas de conflicto, China, ley aplicable, residencia habitual, vínculos más estrechos. Abstract: The Law of the PRC for the determination of the law applicable to relations with foreigners in civil matters is the most recent and comprehensive rule of private international law that has been enacted in China so far. Many of its provisions were modeled, taking the regulations of different European countries and several international conventions, including those developed within the Hague Conference on Private International Law as a reference. Although this law is not perfect and certainly has some questionable aspects, it has achieved the goal of modernizing, in scope and content, the existing legislative technique. This Act is, in short, another result of the movement of legal renewal of private international law that is taking place in China, as part of the integration process of the country in the international community.Keywords: Conflict rules, China, applicable law, habitual residence, closer links.

La Ley de la República Popular China para la determinación de la ley aplicable a las relaciones con los extranjeros en materia civil es la norma más reciente y completa de Derecho internacional privado que se ha promulgado en China hasta el momento. Muchas de sus disposiciones han tomado como modelo y referente las regulaciones de distintos países europeos, así como diversos Convenios internacionales, incluidos los elaborados en el seno de la Conferencia de La Haya de Derecho internacional privado. Aunque esta ley no es perfecta y presenta algunos aspectos ciertamente discutibles, ha logrado alcanzar el objetivo de modernizar, en cuanto a su alcance y contenido, la técnica legislativa existente. Esta Ley es, en defi nitiva, un resultado más del movimiento de renovación legal del Derecho internacional privado que está teniendo lugar en China, como parte del proceso de integración de este país en la comunidad internacional ; The Law of the PRC for the determination of the law applicable to relations with foreigners in civil matters is the most recent and comprehensive rule of private international law that has been enacted in China so far. Many of its provisions were modeled, taking the regulations of different European countries and several international conventions, including those developed within the Hague Conference on Private International Law as a reference. Although this law is not perfect and certainly has some questionable aspects, it has achieved the goal of modernizing, in scope and content, the existing legislative technique. This Act is, in short, another result of the movement of legal renewal of private international law that is taking place in China, as part of the integration process of the country in the international community

First Forays into Research Data Dissemination: A Tale from the Kansas City Fed

AbstractThe jamming transition, generally manifested by a rapid increase of rigidity under compression (i.e. compression hardening), is ubiquitous in amorphous materials. Here we study shear hardening in deeply annealed frictionless packings generated by numerical simulations, reporting critical scalings absent in compression hardening. We demonstrate that hardening is a natural consequence of shear-induced memory destruction. Based on an elasticity theory, we reveal two independent microscopic origins of shear hardening: (i) the increase of the interaction bond number and (ii) the emergence of anisotropy and long-range correlations in the orientations of bonds—the latter highlights the essential difference between compression and shear hardening. Through the establishment of physical laws specific to anisotropy, our work completes the criticality and universality of jamming transition, and the elasticity theory of amorphous solids.

AbstractWe study the impact of capital market openness on high‐frequency market quality in China. The Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect program (SHHKConnect) opens China's stock market to foreign investors and offers a natural experiment to investigate this question. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we find that market liberalization leads to lower quoted spread, lower effective spread, lower market depth, and higher short‐term volatility. Our findings imply that opening the markets to more sophisticated foreign investors is associated with higher competition and more cross‐market arbitrage activities, narrowing the spread and reducing liquidity providers' profits, but increasing the price impact and short‐term volatility of connected stocks.

Abstract
The increased incidence of non-communicable human diseases may be attributed, at least partially, to exposures to toxic chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), air pollutants and heavy metals. Given the high mortality and morbidity of pollutant exposure associated diseases, a better understanding of the related mechanisms of toxicity and impacts on the endogenous host metabolism are needed. The metabolome represents the collection of the intermediates and end products of cellular processes, and is the most proximal reporter of the body's response to environmental exposures and pathological processes. Metabolomics is a powerful tool for studying how organisms interact with their environment and how these interactions shape diseases related to pollutant exposure. This mini review discusses potential biological mechanisms that link pollutant exposure to metabolic disturbances and chronic human diseases, with a focus on recent studies that demonstrate the application of metabolomics as a tool to elucidate biochemical modes of actions of various environmental pollutants. In addition, classes of metabolites that have been shown to be modulated by multiple environmental pollutants will be discussed with an emphasis on their use as potential early biomarkers of disease risks. Taken together, metabolomics is a useful and versatile tool for characterizing the disease risks and mechanisms associated with various environmental pollutants.