Suchergebnisse

The existence of a reducing end in the structure of maltodextrin can limit its applications as undesirable Maillard reaction would occur in some food processing steps. Consequently, a non-reducing maltoheptaose (N-G7) with a single degree of polymerisation was prepared through a cascade reaction of cyclodextrinase and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase, using β-cyclodextrin as substrate. The physicochemical properties of N-G7 were investigated. N-G7 exhibited low moisture absorption ability (8.91 and 18.02% at 43 and 81% relative humidity, respectively), excellent pH stability and thermostability (less than 10% N-G7 was hydrolysed between pH 4 and 10, even at 100°C), and a melting point higher than that of maltodextrin, as well as a typical gel-like behaviour. Most importantly, the results of Maillard reaction indicated that N-G7 was considered to be non-reducing, which suggested that it could be used in food processing where Maillard reaction should be avoided. Overall, the present work may provide important implications for the development and application of N-G7 in food products.

BACKGROUND: Medical education accreditation in China has been conducted by the Working Committee for the Accreditation of Medical Education (WCAME) and 129 medical schools have completed accreditation by December 2021. Despite studies on the standards, process and effectiveness of accreditation, the actual information transparency of accredited medical schools in China has not been examined. The study investigated the status of publicly available information from WCAME-accredited medical schools in China, and whether public availability of information had significant differences among different types of universities. METHODS: The 129 medical schools' official websites were reviewed for the 21 criteria of the WFME Global Standards for Quality Improvement: Basic Medical Education. Dichotomous method was used to record information as presence or absence. SPSS was utilized for descriptive and ANOVA analyses. RESULTS: The mean of the publicly available information on the 21 criteria was 13.77 ± 3.57, and only 5 (3.9%) accredited medical schools had all relevant information available. Publicly available information on Governance (100%) and Administration (100%) was the most, whereas information on Assessment in support of learning (16.3%) was the least. Public availability of information differed significantly among schools accredited with higher (18.15 ± 2.16), medium (13.69 ± 3.41) and lower results (12.79 ± 3.19) (F = 14.71, p 0.05). Central government funded universities had a remarkably larger amount of publicly available information than local government funded universities (17.86 ± 1.98 vs. 12.75 ± 2.93, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Public availability of information from the accredited medical schools in China needs to be improved to promote transparency and continuous quality improvement, especially with regard to information on curriculum, assessment ...