Suchergebnisse

The author considers the phenomenon of presidential and parliamentary democracies as well as theoretical, methodological and empirical determinants of their differentiation on the example of European countries. The key attention is paid to the comparison and distinction of the concepts and types of democratic political regimes and the concepts and types of system of government, including the phenomena of parliamentary democracy and parliamentary system of government. For this reason, the scientific analysis was carried out on the example of European countries. Constitutional systems of government and their implementation in different types of European parliamentary democracies are the subject of the present scientific research. The purpose and objectives of the article are to prove the fact that the parliamentary system of government and parliamentary democracy are not identical concepts, because they are incorporated in divergent systems of relationships: the parliamentary system of government is an institutional and procedural category and parliamentary democracy is a constitutional, procedural and sociological one. The research methodology is based on the approach of the classification of all democracies into presidential and parliamentary ones and of all systems of government into the presidential, semi-presidential and parliamentary ones. The author emphasized that parliamentary democracy, in particular in its institutional and procedural parameters, is beingimplemented in different types, mainly in Westminster and Consensus ones, as well as in different systems of government, mainly in parliamentary and semi-presidential ones. On the example of European countries, the research reasons that parliamentary democracy, primarily in its minimal and institutional treatment, is not identical to the parliamentary system of government, because the latter one, in particular in Europe, is able to manifest itself in parliamentary and semi-presidential systems of government. The author made it clear that the Westminster parliamentary democracies in Europe are peculiar exclusively for the parliamentary system of government and consensus ones for parliamentary and semi-presidential systems of government. Key words: European countries, democracy, parliamentary democracy, system of government, parliamentarism, presidentialism, semi-presidentialism. ; Розглянуто феномен парламентської та президентської демократії, а також теоретико-методологічні й емпіричні детермінанти їхньої диференціації на прикладі країн Європи. Наголошено, що парламентські демократії за інституційно-процесуальними параметрами імплементуються у різних типах демократії, зокрема у вестмінстерській і консенсусній, у різних системах правління, у тому числі парламентській, а також у напівпрезидентській. А тому на прикладі європейських країн аргументовано, що в мінімально-інституційному трактуванні парламентська демократія не ідентична парламентській системі правління, адже остання, зокрема в країнах Європи, спроможна проявлятись у парламентській і напівпрезидентській системах правління. Ключові слова: демократія, парламентська демократія, система правління, парламентаризм, президенталізм, напівпрезиденталізм, країни Європи.