Suchergebnisse

The Carpathian Region (Zakarpattia, Lviv, Chernivtsi, and Ivano-Frankivsk) is inferior to other regions in Ukraine regarding its economic development, which does not contribute to migration stability and, rather, serves as a factor motivating the active part of the population to emigrate. The problem of the labor market disproportions in the Carpathian Region is one of the significant causes of the formation and subsequent implementation of migration intentions, especially in rural areas, less economically developed areas, and district centers, where labor demand is much lower. The research aims to develop an innovative approach to calculating the intensity of the population's external migration based on the introduction of a correction coefficient, which enables to consider the scale of transit migration in the Carpathian Region. The data presented in the study were collected for the period 2005–2018. Granger causality analysis is used to assess the relationship between migration and socio-economic development of the region. The analysis reveals that in all regions of the Carpathian Region, there is a short-run causal relationship between the intensity of external migration and the share of total household expenditure on food; in the medium run, the real household income, the size of the average monthly wages, and the volume of foreign portfolio investment, the foreign economic activity and retail trade turnover in the region; in the long run, living standards and indicators of economic growth. Future studies may require a more diverse set of indicators to evaluate the causal relationship in other regions of Ukraine, which will provide the integrity of the results of Granger causality analysis.
AcknowledgmentThe research has been conducted within the framework of applied research 'Migration Activity of the Population of the Carpathian Region' (Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Reg. No. 0119U002010, 2019–2021).

Following on from categories of theoretical and empirical levels of learning, the revision of the modern economic policy instruments is made for the purpose of their compliance with the directions of the (macro)economic theories, determination of the objectives of its actualization, and also revealing its stabilizing and allocative functions in the process of its acquisition of the international economic policy attributes. It's established that economic theory, which is per se a dynamic, open, and unstable system of the economic knowledge that is based on corresponding assumptions and presumes simplified modeling of the economic processes because of the limitations of the offered methods, demonstrates low explicative ability in the course of analysis requested when choosing one or another economic policy according to the challenges of times. It's proved that although different economic theories can be an effective tool in the rivalry for unfair intellectual arguments in favor of one or another political decision in particular cases, the economic policy typically doesn't look like a way of mechanistic implementation of theoretical generalization. Although the rivalry with the help of the analytical arguments between the followers of the fiscal and monetary instruments of the macroeconomic policy allowed to get the intermediate result within the New macroeconomic consensus (NMC) with regard to recognition of the monetary policy precedence in the realization of the low rate of the price advance, the experience of the global financial crisis in 2008 – 2010 and global recession in 2020 threw into question the ability of the stabilization programs developed on the basis of NMC recommendations to achieve the expected results. The experience of the last decade marked with combination of the instability of both cyclical and structural and systemic nature, formed the demand for recognition of the fiscal policy as the stabilization programs' component of the full value. In a bid for interpretation of the ways and aftermaths of the realization of the international economic policy the demand is made for the forming of the new scientific consensual evaluations and theoretical generalizations.

An analysis of government programs for macroeconomic stabilization of selected countries is made to establish their compliance with scientific approaches that determine the political choice in favor of the use of monetary and/or fiscal instruments for stimulation of economic activity based on the revision of the substantive provisions of neoclassical synthesis and the new macroeconomic consensus to highlight the peculiarities of interpretation of macroeconomic processes, the nature of cyclical fluctuations and ways to level and adjust them. It is established that the most popular in the political sphere are the conclusions of the new neoclassical synthesis (New Consensus in Macroeconomics), which combines the new Keynesian approach and the real business cycle approach, however, they are also adjusted in any form, depending on the priority of the government. (the desire to achieve full employment; price stabilization; economic growth and balance of payments; efficient use of limited resources), provide mostly short-term planning horizon, which complicates the exit from the "vicious circle" of economic policy, when its dynamic development becomes hostage to the need for constant adaptation in accordance with the changing conditions, which it itself by its own adjustment causes. It was found that in the situation of the Coronavirus crisis the issues of combating the simultaneous shocks of supply and demand, and unemployment in particular, are recognized as a priority and sought to be addressed through a combination of monetary and fiscal policy tools, including regulatory competition by neoprotectionism. defined by us as a set of principles, tools and methods of regulatory policy in international trade, international capital movements and foreign investment, as well as international monetary, financial and credit relations, the imperative of which is to stimulate socio-economic development and economic growth by creating conditions for increasing the economic activity of all economic entities.