Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Aquatic Bioresources: Utilization of Diversified Species, Products and Services for Strengthening Alternative Agriculture in Rural India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Aquatic Floral Bioresources -- Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) -- Water lily (Nymphaea odorata) -- Makhana (Euryale ferox) -- Water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa) -- Ipomoea (Ipomoea aquatica) -- Aquatic Faunal Bioresources -- Duckweeds in the Bioremediation of Domestic Sewage -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Impact of Tropospheric Ozone and Particulate Matter on Plant Health -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Tropospheric Ozone -- Gas-Phase Chemistry of Tropospheric Ozone -- Ozone as Phytotoxic Agent -- Characterization of Ozone Exposure -- Ozone Deposition Mechanism -- Effects of Ozone on Physiology and Biochemistry of Plants -- Concentrations and Trends of Ozone in the Troposphere -- Particulate Matter -- Characteristics of Particulate Matter (PM) -- Deposition of PM -- Coarse (PM10) and Fine fraction (PM2.5) Particles -- Mode of Deposition -- Dry Deposition -- Wet Deposition -- Occult Deposition -- Deposition of PM onto Vegetation and It's Effects -- Plant Responses to Stress Caused by PM -- Effects of Tropospheric Ozone and Particulate Matter on Food Security -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Productivity of Major Crops Worldwide: Reviewing Food Safety and Security -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Effect on Crop Productivity -- Effect on C3 and C4 Crop Biology -- Effect on Water Use Efficiency -- Effect on Rice -- Effect on Wheat -- Effect on Maize -- Effect on Sorghum -- Effect on Legumes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Plant Growth Regulators, Plant Adaptability and Plant Productivity: A Review on Abscisic Acid (ABA) Signaling in Plants Under Emerging Environmental Stresses -- Abstract -- Introduction

This study was undertaken to assess if various drought-proofing and drought-relief programs are effective in mitigating the impact of droughts on crop production and household consumption in rural Bihar, India. This study is relevant as Bihar has experienced four drought years since 2009. The drought in 2009 led to an increase in the number of poor people in the state from 2004-2005 to 2009-2010, in spite of rapid growth of gross domestic product in this period. The government of Bihar runs a number of drought-proofing and drought-relief programs to mitigate the impact of drought, but with little effect. The two largest social safety net programs-the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)-provide little relief to drought-affected families in rural Bihar. Additional subsidy on diesel to irrigate Kharif crops in drought-affected areas does not reach many farmers. Delays, uncertainties, and high transaction costs in its disbursal to farmers further reduce the subsidy's effectiveness. Public tubewells and subsidy on private wells and pump-sets fail to provide wide-scale relief for the drought-stricken area. The results of our year-long study of 160 farmers with access to cheap irrigation from solar powered pump-sets in Bihar showed that these farmers grew paddy in all their land in Kharif in 2013, in spite of low rainfall. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; A.1 Global Futures and Strategic Foresight; CRP7 ; SAO ; CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)