I mulini di Polizzi: dalla conservazione statica alla pratica sistemica. Il sistema tradizionale di molitura con macine azionate dall'energia idraulica, diffuso in tutto il Mediterraneo, è presente molti Comuni della provincia di Palermo, ed è rimasto in uso fino al secondo dopoguerra. Si tratta di strutture produttive a ruota orizzontale; In genere diversi mulini sorgono in successione lungo lo stesso corso d'acqua, costituendo così un sistema. Sono queste le caratteristiche peculiari della "flomaria molendinorum" nel territorio di Polizzi Generosa: una vera e propria scalinata di impianti idraulici ancora visibili nel paesaggio odierno, concentrazioni testimoniate fin dal XII secolo. All'interno di ogni area territoriale lo sviluppo dei mulini ad acqua s'inserisce all'interno della storia economica e politica del territorio e ne costituisce elemento centrale soprattutto dal punto di vista socio-economico. In Sicilia il mulino e il paratore vengono talvolta associati ad altre imprese industriali e agricole in modo che si creino dei piccoli agglomerati. La presenza del mulino determina così la comparsa di altre attività che si diffondono nel territorio. Queste strutture produttive preindustriali, nonostante i buoni propositi dell'Ente Parco, versano in una situazione di degrado, oramai quasi irreversibile, sia per le pesanti modifiche apportate nel tempo, sia per lo stato di abbandono in cui versano alcuni di essi. Le obiettive possibilità di utilizzazione dei mulini suggeriscono un loro recupero funzionale all'interno del quale salvaguardare, con adeguato restauro, gli elementi abbastanza integri o enucleabili dal contesto di superfetazioni ed alterazioni al fine della loro conoscenza scientifica, della loro tutela e salvaguardia, conservazione e fruizione. ; THE MILLS OF POLIZZI: FROM STATIC STORAGE TO SYSTEMIC PRACTICE. The traditional system of grinding with millstones driven by water power, spread all over the Mediterranean, is there in many municipalities in the province of Palermo, and it remained in use until after World War II. It is a horizontal wheel manufacturing facilities; several mills generally arise in succession along the same river, thus constituting a system. These are the characteristics of the "flomaria molendinorum" in the territory of Polizzi Generosa: a real flight of steps of plumbing system still visible in the landscape today, concentrations witnessed since the twelfth century. Within each geographical area the development of water mills fits within the economic and political history of the area and it constitutes a central element especially in terms of socio-economic development. In Sicily, the mill and the paratore are sometimes associated with other industrial and agricultural enterprises so that to create some smaller agglomerations. The presence of the mill thus determines the appearance of other activities that are spread in the area. These pre-industrial production facilities, despite the good intentions of the Park, are in a state of decay, now almost irreversible, both for heavy changes over time, and for the state of neglect in which some of them are. The objective possibilities of utilization of the mills suggest their functional recovery to preserve, with proper restoration, the elements still intact or enucleable from the context of accretions and alterations in order to their scientific knowledge, their protection and preservation, conservation and fruition.
La funzione degli Orti botanici, fondamentalmente, si esplica nella conservazione, nella ricerca scientifica, nelle attività espositive ed educative. I punti di forza dell'azione sociale di questi tipi di musei deriva sia dalla capacità di produrre e diffondere la conoscenza scientifica, sia dalla ricchezza patrimoniale posseduta. Una serie di emergenze planetarie e le prospettive incerte per l'ambiente, le società, le economie di tutte le nazioni del mondo configurano lo scenario d'oggi. Questa situazione richiede la costruzione collettiva di nuove forme di sentire, pensare e agire nella ricerca di soluzione ai problemi contemporanei. Si tratta quindi, per i musei scientifici, di intraprendere un progetto socio-culturale più ampio e impegnativo di quello che li ha caratterizzati storicamente. Nel contesto museale mondiale si pensa già a forme più estese e aperte di partecipazione sociale e di dialogo con i cittadini. Anche la diffusione della cultura scientifica viene prospettata, "nella società e per la società, in funzione dell'arricchimento educativo, culturale e intellettuale, della costruzione del pensiero libero e critico, della pace, della sostenibilità, della democratizzazione del mondo" come richiedeva l'Unesco nel 1999 con la Dichiarazione sulla scienza e l'uso della conoscenza scientifica. Un rinnovamento degli obiettivi museali, per una nuova cultura del futuro sostenibile, richiede dunque profonde trasformazioni e investe non solo i contenuti ma anche l'intera strategia, gestione e vita dei musei. Bisogna partire da qui per la formazione di operatori capaci di collegare la dimensione tecnico economica con quella socio-culturale e proporre nuove sintesi culturali. L'Orto botanico è un particolare tipo di museo, un museo vivente, animato e mutevole nelle diverse stagioni dell'anno. Esso rappresenta la sapienza, la cultura di un popolo che sa prendersi cura di quel patrimonio inestimabile che è la nostra terra. Alcuni musei scientifici hanno già intrapreso la via dell'innovazione nelle attività di ricerca e conservazione. Il ruolo sempre più determinante che assume la conservazione delle biodiversità e nello studio di problemi ambientali è convalidato da molte ricerche effettuate, che testimoniano la grande attenzione alla salvaguardia delle risorse naturali, ma anche la consapevolezza della necessità di coinvolgere i cittadini, attraverso open access alle collezioni e alle ricerche. Per cominciare a ragionare su un nuovo ruolo socio-culturale degli Orti botanici e non solo sugli aspetti pedagogici, bisognerebbe iniziare a pensare a una grande varietà di attività, linguaggi e tecniche di comunicazione, tra le quali il gioco, l'arte, le tecniche multimediali, ma anche eventi pubblici, "laboratori del fare", corsi di formazione per progetti di inserimento lavorativo (es. realizzazione di botteghe della tradizione, ecc.). Il ruolo pedagogico del museo deve quindi innovarsi superando le abituali dinamiche trasmissive a favore di modelli didattici e comunicativi più attivi e partecipativi. Gli Orti botanici devono porre particolare attenzione al territorio e alla sua valorizzazione. L'identità territoriale assume sempre più la valenza di attributo strategico e di input immateriale dello sviluppo socio-economico locale, per diventare una straordinaria risorsa spendibile ai fini della valorizzazione dei luoghi, dotandosi di nuovi servizi museali - come nuovi sistemi e reti, nuove forme di partnership tra musei, istituzioni e privati - più corrispondenti alla complessità del territorio. È evidente che tutto questo stimola alla revisione dei criteri e delle metodologie attualmente impiegati tanto per la progettazione quanto per la pianificazione dei prodotti, dei servizi, della comunicazione, aprendo in questo modo prospettive di ricerca che sono d'importanza strategica. ; The function of the Botanical Gardens, basically, is expressed in the conservation, scientific research, exhibitions and educational activities. The strengths of the social action of these types of museums derives from the ability to produce and disseminate scientific knowledge on the wealth possessed asset. A series of planetary emergencies and the uncertain outlook for the environment, societies, economies of all the nations of the world constitute the scenario today. This situation requires the construction of new forms of collective feel, think and act in the search for solutions to contemporary problems. It is therefore, for science museums, to undertake a project socio-cultural and challenging broader than that characterized them historically. In the context of the museum world are already thinking about the most extensive and open to forms of social participation and dialogue with citizens. Even the dissemination of scientific culture is being presented, "in society and for society as a function of enrichment educational, cultural and intellectual, of the construction of free and critical thought, peace, sustainability, democratization of the world" as required by the 'Unesco in 1999 with the Declaration on science and the use of scientific knowledge. A renewal of the objectives museums, creating a new culture of sustainable future, therefore, requires profound changes and affects not only the content but also the entire strategy, management and life of the museums. You have to start from here to the training of operators able to connect the technical-economic dimension with the socio-cultural and propose new cultural synthesis. The Botanical Garden is a particular type of museum, a living museum, lively and changeable in different seasons of the year. It represents wisdom, the culture of a people who knows how to take care of this priceless heritage that is our land. Some science museums have already embarked on the road of innovation in research and conservation. The increasingly important role that assumes the conservation of biodiversity and the study of environmental problems is validated by many studies carried out, which witnesses the great attention to the preservation of natural resources, but also the awareness of the need to involve citizens, through open access to collections and research. To begin to think about a new socio-cultural role of the Botanical Gardens, and not only on the pedagogical aspects, we should start thinking about a wide variety of activities, languages and communication techniques, including the game, the art, the techniques multimedia, but also public events, "laboratories of doing", training for job placement projects (eg, building of traditional shops, etc.). The educational role of museums must therefore innovate beyond the usual dynamic transmission models in favor of teaching and communication more active and participatory. The Botanical Gardens must pay particular attention to the territory and its enhancement. The territorial identity increasingly takes on the value of attribute and strategic input immaterial local socio-economic development, to become an extraordinary resource expendable for the purpose of enhancement of places, acquiring new museum services - such as new systems and networks, new forms of partnerships between museums, institutions and individuals - more than corresponding to the complexity of the territory. It is obvious that this stimulates the revision of the criteria and methodologies currently used for both the design as well as for the planning of products, services, communication, thus opening avenues of research that are of strategic importance.
Il dibattito sulla questione ambientale, sorto tra gli anni '60 e '70 del secolo scorso, con la formazione delle prime associazioni ambientaliste, ebbe come nodo centrale il rapporto tra economia e ambiente, nella sempre più evidente necessità di preservare la qualità del patrimonio naturale e nella consapevolezza che, essendo le risorse del pianeta tendenzialmente esauribili, dovessero essere rivisti ed equilibrati i modelli di sviluppo. Gli oggetti, secondo la lezione di Bruno Latour, simboleggiano stili di vita che comprendono al loro interno processi comunicativi e riguardano in ogni caso la sfera dell'informazione, dell'interazione, del ricordo e anche del desiderio. L'omologazione del pianeta sul modello occidentale, l'azzeramento delle differenze culturali, l'abuso delle risorse, gli impatti inquinanti sull'ecosistema costituiscono gli effetti negativi della globalizzazione. Spesso la localizzazione viene ignorata per colpa della troppa importanza data alla globalizzazione e in molti casi, le forze locali si sforzano costantemente per attenuare l'impatto dei processi globali. Bauman ha introdotto il termine "glocalizzazione", (Barman, 2005) senza volervi trovare un senso politico di opposizione alla globalizzazione (come ad esempio fanno i no-global). Il concetto di glocalizzazione ritiene che il fondamento della società in ogni epoca è stata ed è la comunità locale, l'interazione degli individui, organizzati in gruppi sempre più allargati e presenti su un territorio. Esso pone al centro della sua "filosofia": l'individuo, la persona umana, il patrimonio locale materiale e simbolico della persona e del gruppo di appartenenza. Ogni luogo ha, infatti, una sua vocazione e una propria identità, costituite dal paesaggio naturale ininterrotto con quello artificiale fatto dall'uomo e dal grado di coesione sociale. Cioé quella identità territoriale, che oggi assume sempre più la valenza di attributo strategico e di input immateriale dello sviluppo socio-economico locale, che poi diventa una straordinaria risorsa spendibile ai fini della valorizzazione dello stesso territorio. Oggi, è evidente come la mescolanza, l'ibridazione siano la regola generale dominante, ma è altrettanto incontestabile che la natura dei luoghi influenza in modo decisivo l'aspetto dei prodotti. Le particolari capacità creative proprie di un luogo entrano a far parte della natura stessa dei prodotti. Il progetto segue strade misteriose in cui la forma è il risultato di innumerevoli fattori fra i quali anche il contesto sociale.La crescente convinzione dell'importanza e dell'urgenza di saper organizzare forme di sviluppo sostenibile, nel rispetto delle limitate risorse ambientali e della salute umana, ha orientato la ricerca verso l'utilizzo delle fibre vegetali. Le fibre vegetali possono fornire prestazioni tecniche e formali a volte superiore a quelle fornite dai materiali e dagli oggetti prodotti con alte tecnologie e costituire contemporaneamente un'ingente risorsa economica in un territorio, come quello siciliano, in cui si voglia promuovere una cultura d'impresa basata su innovazioni eco-compatibili. In generale la coltivazione, la produzione, la trasformazione e l'uso di queste fibre possono fornire delle risposte concrete ad una serie di problematiche connesse al risparmio energetico, alla sostenibilità ambientale e all'inquinamento. Inoltre la rivalutazione in campo artistico e progettuale delle tradizionali tecniche di lavorazione rappresenta non soltanto un grande potenziale di rinnovamento e di riconversione anche sotto l'aspetto estetico, ma sempre più garantisce il controllo della qualità di diverse tipologie di oggetti. ; The debate on the environmental issue, which arose between the 60s and 70s of last century, with the formation of the first environmental groups, had as its central point the relationship between economy and environment, the increasingly obvious need to preserve the quality of the natural heritage and in the knowledge that as the planet's resources tend exhaustible should be reviewed and balanced development models. The objects, according to the lesson of Bruno Latour, symbolizing lifestyles that include their internal communication processes and concern in every case the sphere of information, interaction, and even the memory of desire. The approval of the planet on the Western model, the elimination of cultural differences, abuse of resources, the impact of pollution on the ecosystem are the negative effects of globalization. Often the location is ignored because of too much emphasis on globalization and in many cases, local forces constantly strive to mitigate the impact of global processes. Bauman introduced the term "glocalization" (Berman, 2005), without wishing to find a sense of political opposition to globalization (such as do-globalization). The concept of glocalization believes that the foundation of society in every age has been and is the local community, the interaction of individuals, organized groups increasingly enlarged and placed on a territory. It stands at the center of his "philosophy": the individual, the human person, the local heritage material and symbolic of the person and the group. Every place has, in fact, his vocation and identity, constituted by the natural uninterrupted with artificial man-made and the degree of social cohesion. Ie the territorial identity, which today is becoming more strategic and value attribute of input intangible local socio-economic development, which then becomes a powerful resource to be spent in valuing the same territory. Today, it is evident as a mixture, the hybridization is the general rule dominant, but it is equally undeniable that the nature of places influence in a decisive way the appearance of the products. The particular capabilities of their creative a place become part of the very nature of the products. The project follows mysterious ways in which the shape is the result of many factors, including also the context sociale.La growing conviction of the importance and urgency of knowing how to organize forms of sustainable development, in accordance with the limited resources and environmental health human, has directed research towards the use of plant fibers. Vegetable fibers can provide performance techniques and formal at times greater than that provided by materials and articles produced with high technology and simultaneously create huge economic resource in an area, like the Sicilian, in which you want to promote a culture of enterprise based on eco-friendly innovations. In general, the cultivation, production, processing and use of these fibers can provide specific answers to a series of problems related to energy conservation, environmental sustainability and pollution. Moreover, the appreciation in art and design of traditional techniques is not only a great potential for renovation and conversion also in aesthetic terms, but increasingly ensures quality control of different types of objects.
Developing countries typically exhibit a high degree of macroeconomic variablesinstability. This feature is particularly evident as regards the volatility of the real exchange rate. The concern with these destabilizing effects generatedby real exchange rate instability has prompted some developing countries to adopt real exchange rate targeting since the late 60's. However, this policy produces an inflation bias. This paper reviews economic literature on theoretical frameworks and empirical evidences about effects of real exchange rate targeting.
In this research paper is analyzed the impact of government policy and transition reforms on Economic Growth (in Kosovo) in period of time 2011 - 2014. The variables that are used are as following: economic growth (as dependent variable), corruption index, political stability, exchange rate, transition reforms, control of corruption, and labor market (as independent variables). The data collections are from international and domestic institutions. They are used and calculated through STATA program. The main objectives in the research paper are as following: What is the effect of these factors in economic growth during period time of research? What is the impacted of corruption and control of corruption in economic growth? What is the stimulation of economic growth by government effectiveness, transition reforms and labor market? How much is the correlation between economic growth? The data are calculated by different regression methods: descriptive statistic, OLS method of regression, correlation matrix. In OLS method, the result shown that only transition reforms have positive impact on economic growth but all other reforms have negative impact. Based on this all variables in T-statistic analysis have shown negative significance (T
Financial crises are neither a new nor an unknown phenomenon. They often occurred over the recent centuries, one after another, creating the impression that no one wanted to learn to draw the appropriate conclusions as to the causes of their occurrence and consequences, often disastrous for countries, continents or the entire globe. Effects of the 2007 financial crisis, which originally broke in the USA, continue to have impact even today not only in the country where it broke first. Its extension in almost all developed countries seems to have revealed all the negative consequences of globalization, where the dependence of economies on one another would cause the domino effect affecting all the countries. Finances of the world were shocked and rapid fluctuations were reflected in the stock. Despite the fact that the global financial crisis has not hit directly Kosovo, its economy indirectly has felt the effect of the crisis. The purpose of this research is to assess the implications of the global financial crisis in the banking system of Kosovo, and also to identify measures that the Central Bank and the Government should undertake in order to protect the economy from external implications. This research also will compare the impact of global financial crisis in the banking system of Kosovo with the one of Romania, as a country which has a larger coverage than Kosovo in the international financial markets. ; Kryzysy finansowe nie są ani nowym, ani nieznanym zjawiskiem. Często pojawiały się na przestrzeni ostatnich stuleci, co może sugerować brak chęci wyciągnięcia właściwych wniosków odnośnie ich przyczyn i konsekwencji, często katastrofalnych dla państw, kontynentów czy całego globu. Skutki kryzysu finansowego z 2007 r., który rozpoczął się w USA, wciąż oddziałują nie tylko na to państwo. W niemal wszystkich rozwiniętych krajach kryzys ten ujawnił negatywne konsekwencje globalizacji, która powoduje, że współzależności gospodarek mogą być przyczyną efektu domino oddziałującego na wszystkie kraje. Światowe finanse doznały wstrząsu, a gwałtowne fluktuacje miały swoje odzwierciedlenie w aktywach. Pomimo faktu, że globalny kryzys finansowy nie dotknął bezpośrednio Kosowa, gospodarka ta pośrednio odczuła jego skutki. Celem badań jest ocena implikacji globalnego kryzysu finansowego dla systemu bankowego w Kosowie, jak również identyfikacja środków jakie powinien podjąć bank centralny i rząd dla ochrony gospodarki przed zewnętrznym oddziaływaniem. W badaniach porównuje się także wpływ globalnego kryzysu finansowego na system bankowy w Kosowie i Rumunii, jako państwa, które ma większy niż Kosowo udział w międzynarodowych rynkach finansowych.
The new status of some European countries, obtained by adhesion to the European Union, has produced a series of essential changes, reflected on typology of economic activities and institutional framework for their deployment. In this paper we will realize a comparative analysis, based on statistical data, related to the administration of environmental factors in economic units, public and private, for two countries with different European status: Romania – newly member of the European Union and Kosovo – that is not member of the European Union. The aim of this paper is to highlight the differences caused by institutional framework related to environmental factors administration and their effects for the efficiency of administration. The comparison will be realized for a set of public and private institutions from Romania and Kosovo. The present study starts from some premises and notices about the differences from entrepreneurial administration. So, we observed the major changes caused by privatization of public institutions, but without general benefices for national economy. For this paper we selected the changes directly connected with environmental factors. Thus, we noted: in forestry, the retrocession of forest is affected by an inefficient administration; by agrarian reform, the agricultural land were returned, and now, after 20 years, the agriculture has become one of subsistence; a lot of agricultural areas were transformed, by private investors, in land with real estate destinations; although we got the financial supports in the pre-accession period (SAPARD funds), the investment in administration and protection of environment protection weren't a priority. In final of the paper, based on the elaborated conclusions, we will formulate a set of proposals about the efficiency of environmental factors administration, with hope that the institutional experience of a country member of the EU will be a model for institutions from countries that is not yet EU member. The main proposal will focus on public-private partnerships. ; Nowa sytuacja niektórych państw europejskich, wynikająca z akcesji do Unii Europejskiej wytworzyła szereg istotnych zmian odzwierciedlonych w typologii działalności gospodarczej i instytucjonalnych ramach jej rozwoju W opracowaniu dokonuje się porównawczej analizy, opartej na danych statystycznych, odnoszącej się do zarządzania czynnikami środowiskowymi w jednostkach gospodarczych publicznych i prywatnych, dla dwóch państw z odmiennym statusem europejskim: Rumunii – nowego członka Unii Europejskiej oraz Kosowa, które nie jest członkiem Unii Europejskiej. Celem opracowania jest ukazanie różnic mających swoje przyczyny w otoczeniu instytucjonalnym, odnoszących się do zarządzania czynnikami środowiskowymi i ich znaczenia dla efektywności administrowania. Porównania dotyczą zestawu publicznych i prywatnych instytucji z Rumunii i Kosowa. Opracowanie rozpoczynają uwagi odnośnie do różnic w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorczym. Obserwowane są istotne zmiany następujące w wyniku prywatyzacji instytucji publicznych, które jednak nie przynoszą ogólnych korzyści gospodarce narodowej. Dla celów niniejszego opracowania zostały przeanalizowane zmiany bezpośrednio związane z czynnikami środowiskowymi. Zaobserwowano w tym zakresie: w leśnictwie: wpływ nieefektywnej administracji na proces zwrotu terenów leśnych; w reformie rolnej: ziemia rolnicza została zwrócona i obecnie, po 20 latach, rolnictwo stanowi jedno ze źródeł utrzymania zapewniających przetrwanie; liczne obszary rolnicze zostały przekształcone przez prywatnych inwestorów w działki budowlane; pomimo finansowego wsparcia w okresie przedakcesyjnym (fundusze SAPARD) inwestycje w administrowanie i ochronę środowiska nie były priorytetem. W końcowej części opracowania, opartej na wypracowanych wnioskach, został sformułowany zestaw propozycji dotyczących efektywności administrowania czynnikami środowiskowymi, z nadzieją, że instytucjonalne doświadczenia kraju członkowskiego UE będą stanowiły model instytucjonalny dla państw niebędących członkami ugrupowania. Główna propozycja dotyczy partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego. ; This work was supported by the project "Post-Doctoral Studies in Economics: training program for elite researchers – SPODE" co-funded from the European Social Fund through the Development of Human Resources Operational Programme 2007–2013, contract no. POSDRU/ 89/1.5/S/61755.
Credit policy in Kosovo is a result and a reflection of the general development of macroeconomic policy. In the post-war Kosovo economic trends were negative. Therefore, in order to come to recovery and promotion of economic development, Kosovo needs investments. Surely credits represent one of financial resources through which material factors are provided for opening of new jobs that will be expressed in the decreasing of unemployment and increasing of the national production. Kosovo, as a part of Euro area, cannot make monetary policy, but it may make credit policy. Currently, out of the banking system of Kosovo is over 1.4 million Euros of financial means, and for this sum the credit potential is reduced, as a very important factor for business and the economy of Kosovo in general. Credits in Kosovo are characterized by high interest rates and short time of their return, so the purpose of this paper is to show how much the credits have been in the function of the development of businesses in Kosovo.
In this research paper the role and impact of remittances on the economic growth of Kosovo in the recent years (2008 - 2013) through remittances, inflation rate, real effective exchange rate (REER) as independent variables and economic growth as depend variable is analyzed. The secondary data are used which are taken from international and domestic institutions which are analyzed through STATA software (an econometric and statistical program).The reason for writing is that in 2013 the total value of remittances in Kosovo was 620.8 million € and in 2011 Kosovo was among the top 10 countries with the highest level of remittances. The main arguments used in this research paper are: how do remittances affect in overall the economy? What is the impact of remittances on businesses? How do we use it for family consumption? In the research methodology are used secondary data and all of them are analyzed by STATA software which helps in calculation of OLS method of regression, descriptive statistic and correlation matrix.Also this paper research findings show us that if we refer to the result of variables that are included in the paper though OLS methods, the remittances (β1= - 0.017) and the exchange rate (β3= - 0.322) have negative impact and nonsignificant (T < 2) effect on economic growth but the inflation rate has positive (β2= 0.245) and significant (T > 2) effect on economic growth and the coefficient of determination (R²) is 84% then the coefficient of Durbin Watson Statistic (DW) is 2.11, it means there is no autocorrelation.
This research paper will explain the impact and relationship between the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth, Kosovo case. The used data in research are secondary data and cover a period of time between 2008 and 2013. By using STATA program for calculation and by various regression analyses (descriptive statistics, linear regression and correlation) relationships have been identified between involved variables in research, where economic growth is defined as dependent variable, whereas FDI, interest rate and real effective and exchange rate (REER) are defined as independent variables. The main results in this research paper indicate that FDI has a positive relation (0.011) but non-significant effect (T<2) on economic growth while the interest rate has a positive relation (0.076) and a significant effect (T>2) on economic growth in Kosovo. The real effective exchange rate has a negative (-0.347) and non-significant relation (T<2) with economic growth. The main activities of FDI in overall Kosovo's economy are: real estate, transport and telecommunication, financial and manufacture services, construction, etc. The main conclusion is that the Kosovo institutions should create a favorable environment, such as: political stability, enforcement of justice, reduction of trade barriers, Kosovo should also create appropriate policy for protection of foreign investors, investment security, fair competition and institutional support. This will impact the drastic improvement and increase of FDI. In 2013 Kosovo had an FDI percentage of 5% of GDP while in 2007 it was over 13% of Kosovo's GDP.
A good business environment means a catalyst for small and medium enterprises, a good business environment facilitates development and sustainability of small and medium enterprises. The development of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) is very important to the economic development of a country, and intentionally, MSMEs are considered to be amongst the most efficient instruments for economies in transition, because of their production of sustainable economic growth, employment and poverty reduction.Small and medium enterprises are a generator of new products and technologies; they are are a source of new ideas and advanced strategies of management. Development and sustainability of small and medium enterprises depends on the business environment, which implies a series of social, legal, economic, political or institutional conditions, which are uncontrollable in nature, and affect the organizations' functions.This study addresses the baseline documents which were taken into consideration by the Government of the Republic of Kosovo in developing economic policies, thereby analysing their advantages and disadvantages. By analysing reports, statistics on MSMEs and other documents, and further complementing the study by a research section (business survey), this paper aims at identifying the key problems faced by the MSMEs in Kosovo, and provide adequate recommendations which may be of service in resolving such problems, but also resulting into a better business environment, and economic development in general.
Economic development is a goal aspired by many countries of the world, Kosovo included. In attaining such goals, many countries face numerous difficulties. Amongst the most often taken paths by various countries is the attraction of foreign direct investments to the country.The term investment includes a wide range of human activities in engaging financial means into one of the areas: immoveable property, bonds and shares, manufacturing and service projects, scientific research, technological development, personnel education, etc.Different from internal investment which is engaged by domestic investors in their own territories, Foreign Direct Investment, the topic of our study, is a form of investment which generates revenues by a company in the country and an affiliate branch outside the investor's seat. Foreign Direct Investments generate relations through the local company and its branches outside the country. Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) are considered to be a strength giving life to economic development of a country, and especially the developing countries.They have an important role to play in a long-term development of a country, and not only as a capital source, but also in increasing competitive abilities of the domestic economy, by technological transfers, strengthening infrastructure, increased productivity and generation of new employment opportunities.
