The EU regional policy mechanisms and one of its components — regional structural policy implementation in Ukraine, based on the theory of modernization — are the subject of different scientific discussions. Using comparative analysis, conditions and factors which determine structural policies of the EU and Ukraine, were outlined. Certain risks (geo-economic, economic, energy, demographic) which are related to the structural deformation and can negatively affect Ukraine integration in the EU were identified. Mechanisms for regional structural policy were estimated and problems of their modernization in Ukraine were determined. The conclusion about the necessity of radical institutional solutions in Ukraine, including the development of selective programs of structural adjustment for regional economies was made in the article.
Ukraine is increasingly trying to integrate into European structures. The civilizational, geopolitical and geo-economic choice for our country is obvious, therefore, difficult, consistent and sometimes unconventional and unpopular political decisions are required to implement it. The real implementation of the deconcentration, decentralization and subsidiarity principles in the practice of public administration is necessary, in particular, due to the introduction of new models of relations between the political center and the regions. Regional disproportions in the territory development of Ukraine, the failure to implement the reform on the ground in specific administrative and territorial units, the spread of corruption schemes – all these are the consequences of an ineffective model of local self-government and state management of regional development, that became the beginning of the administrative and territorial reform in the state. And in order to ensure a high-quality process of administrative and territorial reform, it is important, and to some extent and the most basic, is the process of adopting high-quality regulatory base for legislation. The article identifies the main directions for the formation of an effective management system at all levels, including: the formation of an optimal territorial basis, the provision of appropriate material, administrative, organizational and financial conditions for the implementation of the powers granted to them by local governments, a clear delineation of powers between management bodies of different levels based on decentralization, mechanism development of the state control and population involvement in the community development. The legislative base, which was adopted in the context of supporting the reform of local self-government in Ukraine, has been analyzed. The legislative guidelines for the decentralization reform and regional policy in Ukraine have been determined and substantiated. Deficiencies and shortcomings of the normative-legal and institutional support system of the local self-government reform have been identified and ways of their elimination have been proposed.
REALITIES OF THE SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT OF TERNOPIL REGION IN CONDITIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL UNCERTAINTYPurpose. The aim of the article is to study the state and characteristics of the development of small business in the region, in particular, in Ternopil region, to describe the business structure based on statistical reporting data, to identify the main problems and to offer effective directions for the development of these smallest business entities under conditions of institutional uncertainty.Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the scientific works of scientists, statistical reporting, normative and legislative acts of Ukraine on development of small business. The following general scientific methods are used in the process of research: analysis and synthesis – to substantiate the current state of development of small business enterprises in the region, generalization – to identify key barriers to development and ways to overcome them and systematic approach – to study the enterprises of this cluster as an integral component of the economy.Findings. The dynamics of the main indicators and financial results of the activities of small business entities at the local level is analyzed. It is proved on the basis of analysis of statistical data that the current state of development of small business entrepreneurs in the Ternopil region is fragile and unstable. The present state, prospects of small business development and the main barriers hindering their development are explored.Originality. The ways of economic development of small business in the region and the state in the current dynamic conditions of an unstable market environment are proposed.Practical value. The obtained research results are the basis for solving problems of small business development at the regional level. They can be used in the practical activities of small business enterprises.Key words: business; small business; economic development; market economy; regional level; institutional uncertainty.
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends of communication changes at the level of public organizations that have arisen as a result of the pandemic, as well as to identify their impact on democratization in Ukraine. Results. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in communication processes around the world. Quarantine restrictions have acted as additional unfavorable factors, exacerbating the already unstable political dialogue between countries. The pandemic has raised many questions concerning the restriction of citizens' rights and freedoms due to the quarantine measures. But at the same time, it is the substandard situation, the solution that the world had not found before, that has united the society, focused attention on vulnerable groups of the population, intensified volunteering, cross-sectoral support and interaction, united civil society institutions, and developed distance communication. The article focuses on the study of regional public organizations, namely their experience in communicative interaction in the conditions of the pandemic. This made it possible to define and characterize the main functions of public organizations in the region under modern challenges. The main areas that are subject to changes in the communication processes of public organizations are outlined. The ways to improve cooperation between authorities and public organizations are defined. Scientific novelty. The necessity of using digital tools by members of public organizations in the region to communicate with each other and outside the organization was proved. Practical value. Based on the conducted research, the main advantages and disadvantages of communication between the public and the authorities were established, as well as new opportunities for organizing work during the COVID-19 pandemic were proposed.
The essence of administrative and territorial reform and decentralization reform in Ukraine is to move away from a centralized model of government in the state, ensure the ability of local self-government and build an effective system of territorial power organization in Ukraine based on the principles of subsidiarity, omnipresence and financial self-sufficiency of local self-government. The purpose of the article is to identify areas for improving the effectiveness of the administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine based on assessing the results of its financial decentralization component. Peculiarities of changing the territorial basis of local self-government in Ukraine investigate the necessity of moving from a voluntary amalgamation of territorial communities to the stage of their formation according to clearly defined criteria and providing opportunities for the development of such communities in the future. It focuses on the need to consolidate areas and change the system of interaction of the subregional level with the amalgamated territorial communities at a basic level.
