Suchergebnisse

From 1516 to 1830, the Barbary corsairs dominated the Ottoman provinces of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. The years between 1800-1820 were crucial. Until 1805, a spectacular revival of privateering allows the author to present the men, the practices and the results gained by the privateers. From 1805 to 1814, the Maghrib states gave up a great part of privateering on behalf of transportation and seaborne trade, taking advantage of their neutrality during the Napoleonic wars. The peace in 1814 and the internal weaknesses of the regencies carried away this original attempt. After Lord Exmouth's expedition in 1816, for the first time since three centuries, the Maghrib is prohibited from any seaborne activities and under the mercy of Europe

AbstractFrom the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 19th century, the domestic Ottoman seaborne trade was largely ensured by European merchantmen chartered by Muslims traders. This practice suggests that the written contracts, signed by both partners, were consistent with the islamic law. This study will analyse these contracts and confront them with the principles and rules of the Islamic maritime law, elaborated since the upper Middle Ages, in order to evaluate the influence of the Islamic law upon the Christian maritime law which made it acceptable by Muslims. De la fin du XVIIe au début du XIXe siècle, le commerce maritime à l'intérieur de l'Empire ottoman a principalement été assuré par des navires européens affrétés par des négociants musulmans. Cette pratique suggère que les contrats écrits, signés par les deux parties, étaient compatibles avec le droit musulman. Cette étude se propose d'analyser ces contrats et de les comparer avec les principes et les règles du droit maritime musulman, élaboré depuis le haut Moyen-Age. L'importance de son influence sur le droit maritime chrétien explique pourquoi celui-ci est devenu acceptable par des musulmans.

AbstractThe contracts drawn up in the 18th century between European captains and Ottoman charterers state precisely the currency to be used for payment. The exploitation, on this point, of 1719 contracts, written in both Maghrib and Machrek Ottoman harbours, has concerned three periods, 1686-1707, 1754-1767 and 1791-1794. It reveals a secular evolution characterized by the simultaneous and successive circulation of numerous ottoman and european currencies and the persistency of two distinguished areas of use, the Maghrib and the Levant, which expresses the diversity and the upholding of these areas, long after they joined the Ottoman empire.