Potential synergies between international trade and tourism are viewed optimistically by governments, yet research to assess their association is limited. To gain an understanding of trade and tourism relationships, this paper reports on a study which examines both product-related and tourism-related place image effects on consumer behavior simultaneously. Using the U.S. as the country of focus, key product and travel relationships are measured by structural equation modeling of consumer data from South Korea. Findings support the cross-over effect between one's beliefs about a country as a destination and as a producer, and one's willingness to travel to it and/or buy its products, and most strongly, that product beliefs affect views of travel destinations.
To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files ; The conduct of oral food challenges as the preferred diagnostic standard for food allergy (FA) was harmonized over the last years. However, documentation and interpretation of challenge results, particularly in research settings, are not sufficiently standardized to allow valid comparisons between studies. Our aim was to develop a diagnostic toolbox to capture and report clinical observations in double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC). ; A group of experienced allergists, paediatricians, dieticians, epidemiologists and data managers developed generic case report forms and standard operating procedures for DBPCFCs and piloted them in three clinical centres. The follow-up of the EuroPrevall/iFAAM birth cohort and other iFAAM work packages applied these methods. ; A set of newly developed questionnaire or interview items capture the history of FA. Together with sensitization status, this forms the basis for the decision to perform a DBPCFC, following a standardized decision algorithm. A generic form including details about severity and timing captures signs and symptoms observed during or after the procedures. In contrast to the commonly used dichotomous outcome FA vs no FA, the allergy status is interpreted in multiple categories to reflect the complexity of clinical decision-making. ; The proposed toolbox sets a standard for improved documentation and harmonized interpretation of DBPCFCs. By a detailed documentation and common terminology for communicating outcomes, these tools hope to reduce the influence of subjective judgment of supervising physicians. All forms are publicly available for further evolution and free use in clinical and research settings. ; European Union within the Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (iFAAM) UK Food Standards Agency Nutricia Ltd ...
The leading priority for the Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union was to reduce health inequalities across European societies, and, within its framework, prevention and control of respiratory diseases in children. This very important paper contain proposal of international cooperation on the prevention, early detection and monitoring of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood which will be undertaken by the EU member countries as a result of EU conclusion developed during the Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union. This will result in collaboration in the field of chronic diseases, particularly respiratory diseases, together with the activity of the network of national institutions and NGOs in this area. Paper also contains extensive analysis of the socio-economic, political, epidemiological, technological and medical factors affecting the prevention and control of childhood asthma and allergy presented during Experts presidential conference organized in Warsaw-Ossa 21–22 September 2011.
To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the page ; Complaints of 'food allergy' are increasing. Standardized surveys of IgE sensitization to foods are still uncommon and multicountry surveys are rare. We have assessed IgE sensitization to food-associated allergens in different regions of Europe using a common protocol. ; Participants from general populations aged 20-54 years in eight European centres (Zurich, Madrid, Utrecht, Lodz, Sophia, Athens, Reykjavik and Vilnius) were asked whether they had allergic symptoms associated with specific foods. Weighted samples of those with and without allergic symptoms then completed a longer questionnaire and donated serum for IgE analysis by ImmunoCAP for 24 foods, 6 aeroallergens and, by allergen microarray, for 48 individual food proteins. ; The prevalence of IgE sensitization to foods ranged from 23.6% to 6.6%. The least common IgE sensitizations were to fish (0.2%), milk (0.8%) and egg (0.9%), and the most common were to hazelnut (9.3%), peach (7.9%) and apple (6.5%). The order of prevalence of IgE sensitization against different foods was similar in each centre and correlated with the prevalence of the pollen-associated allergens Bet v 1 and Bet v 2 (r = 0.86). IgE sensitization to plant allergen components unrelated to pollen allergens was more evenly distributed and independent of pollen IgE sensitization (r = -0.10). The most common foods containing allergens not cross-reacting with pollens were sesame, shrimp and hazelnut. ; IgE sensitization to foods is common, but varies widely and is predominantly related to IgE sensitization to pollen allergens. IgE sensitization to food allergens not cross-reacting with pollens is rare and more evenly distributed. ; European Union through EuroPrevall (FP6-FOOD-CT-2005-514000 United Kingdom Department of Health Policy Research Programme, Competitive Strategic Grant to Institute for Food Research from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK)
In: Bousquet, J., Agache, I., Anto, J. M., Bergmann, K. C., Bachert, C., Annesi-Maesano, I., Bousquet, P. J., D'Amato, G., Demoly, P., De Vries, G., Eller, E., Fokkens, W. J., Fonseca, J., Haahtela, T., Hellings, P. W., Just, J., Keil, T., Klimek, L., Kuna, P., Carlsen, K. C. Lodrup, Moesges, R., Murray, R., Nekam, K., Onorato, G., Papadopoulos, N. G., Samolinski, B., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., Thibaudon, M., Tomazic, P., Triggiani, M., Valiulis, A., Valovirta, E., Van Eerd, M., Wickman, M., Zuberbier, T. and Sheikh, A. (2017). Google Trends terms reporting rhinitis and related topics differ in European countries. Allergy, 72 (8). S. 1261 - 1267. HOBOKEN: WILEY. ISSN 1398-9995
Google Trends (GT) searches trends of specific queries in Google and reflects the real-life epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. We compared Google Trends terms related to allergy and rhinitis in all European Union countries, Norway and Switzerland from 1 January 2011 to 20 December 2016. The aim was to assesswhether the same terms could be used to report the seasonal variations of allergic diseases. Using the Google Trend 5-year graph, an annual and clear seasonality of queries was found in all countries apart from Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Malta. Different terms were found to demonstrate seasonality depending on the country - namely 'hay fever', 'allergy' and 'pollen' - showing cultural differences. A single set of terms cannot be used across all European countries, but allergy seasonality can be compared across Europe providing the above three terms are used. Using longitudinal data in different countries and multiple terms, we identified an awareness-related spike of searches (December 2016).
In: Bousquet , J , Agache , I , Anto , J M , Bergmann , K C , Bachert , C , Annesi-Maesano , I , Bousquet , P J , D'Amato , G , Demoly , P , De Vries , G , Eller , E , Fokkens , W J , Fonseca , J , Haahtela , T , Hellings , P W , Just , J , Keil , T , Klimek , L , Kuna , P , Lodrup Carlsen , K C , Mösges , R , Murray , R , Nekam , K , Onorato , G , Papadopoulos , N G , Samolinski , B , Schmid-Grendelmeier , P , Thibaudon , M , Tomazic , P , Triggiani , M , Valiulis , A , Valovirta , E , van Eerd , M , Wickman , M , Zuberbier , T & Sheikh , A 2017 , ' Google Trends terms reporting rhinitis and related topics differ in European countries ' , Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , vol. 72 , no. 8 , pp. 1261–1266 . https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13137
Google Trends (GT) searches trends of specific queries in Google and reflects the real-life epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. We compared Google Trends terms related to allergy and rhinitis in all European Union countries, Norway and Switzerland from 1 January 2011 to 20 December 2016. The aim was to assess whether the same terms could be used to report the seasonal variations of allergic diseases. Using the Google Trend 5-year graph, an annual and clear seasonality of queries was found in all countries apart from Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Malta. Different terms were found to demonstrate seasonality depending on the country - namely 'hay fever', 'allergy' and 'pollen' - showing cultural differences. A single set of terms cannot be used across all European countries, but allergy seasonality can be compared across Europe providing the above three terms are used. Using longitudinal data in different countries and multiple terms, we identified an awareness-related spike of searches (December 2016).
Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Santé). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing.
Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Sante). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing. ; European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site MACVIA-France, European Structural and Development Funds of Region Languedoc Roussillon ; Imperial Coll London, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Royal Brompton Hosp NHS, London, England ; UPMC Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,Dept Pneumol & Addictol,UMR S 1136, Hop Arnaud de Villeneuve,CHRU Montpellier, IPLESP,Equipe EPAR,Unite Allergol, F-75013 Paris, France ; Univ S Florida, Morsani Coll Med, Tampa, FL USA ; Univ Zurich, Swiss Inst Allergy & Asthma Res SIAF, Christine Kuhne Ctr Allergy Res & Educ CK CARE, Davos, Switzerland ; Univ Hosp Ghent, ENT Dept, Upper Airways Res Lab URL, Ghent, Belgium ; IQ4U Consultants Ltd, London, England ; Osped Riuniti, Univ Hosp, Allergy Unit, Dept Internal Med, Ancona, Italy ; Med Univ Vienna, Dept Pathophysiol & Allergy Res, Ctr Pathophysiol Infectiol & Immunol, Vienna, Austria ; Univ Naples 2, Rome, Italy ; CNR, IFT, Rome, Italy ; Univ Genoa, Allergy & Resp Dis Clin, DIMI, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, Genoa, Italy ; Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Allergy Sect, Dept Internal Med, Barcelona, Spain ; Montpellier UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,UMRS 1136, Hop Arnaud de Villeneuve,Equipe EPAR IPLESP, Div Allergy,Dept Pulmonol,Univ Hosp Montpellier, Paris, France ; Nova Southeastern Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA ; Univ Hosp Strasbourg, Div Allergy, Chest Dis Dept, Strasbourg, France ; Univ Versailles St Quentin, Suresnes, France ; Foch Hosp, Dept Airway Dis, Clin Pharmacol Unit, UPRES EA 220, Suresnes, France ; Rangueil Larrey Hosp, Dept Resp Dis, Toulouse, France ; Univ Palermo, Di Bi MIS, Palermo, Italy ; Kings Coll London, Guys & St Thomas NHS Trust, London, England ; Imperial Coll London, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Allergy & Clin Immunol Sect, London, England ; Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Pulmonol & Allergy, Aarau, Switzerland ; Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy, Rome, Italy ; Kings Coll London, Allergy Acad, London, England ; Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Bldg Rochussenstr, Rotterdam, Netherlands ; Hosp San Bernardo, Unidad Alergia & Asma, Salta, Argentina ; Helsinki Univ Hosp, Skin & Allergy Hosp, Helsinki, Finland ; Odense Univ Hosp, Hans Christian Andersen Childrens Hosp, Odense, Denmark ; Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp Leuven, Clin Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Louvain, Belgium ; Secretary Immunotherapy Interest Grp EAACI, Allergy Learning & Consulting, Copenhagen, Denmark ; UPMC Univ Paris, Sorbonne Univ,Hop Enfants Armand Trousseau,INSERM, Inst Pierre Louis Epidemiol & Sante Publ,Equipe E, Allergol Dept,Ctr Asthme & Allergies,UMR S 1136, Paris, France ; Hosp Sirio Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil ; Univ Hosp Montpellier, Montpellier, France ; UPMC Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Equipe EPAR, UMR S 1136,IPLESP, Paris, France ; Ackermann Hanf & Kleine Tebbe, Outpatient Clin & Clin Res Ctr, Allergy & Asthma Ctr Westend, Berlin, Germany ; German Soc Otorhinolaryngol HNS, Ctr Rhinol & Allergol, Wiesbaden, Germany ; Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Immunol & Dermatol Allergol, Utrecht, Netherlands ; Med Univ Lodz, Lodz, Poland ; ARIA, Mexico City, DF, Mexico ; Hosp Med Sur, AAAAI, Mexico City, DF, Mexico ; Capital Reg Denmark, Res Ctr Prevent & Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Rigshosp, Dept Clin Expt Res, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Clin Med, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Charite Med Univ, Pediat Pneumol & Immunol, Berlin, Germany ; Gentofte Univ Hosp, Allergy Clin, Danish Allergy Ctr, Hellerup, Denmark ; Klinikum Univ Koln AoR, IMSIE, Cologne, Germany ; Hosp Clin Barcelona, Unitat Rinol & Clin Olfacte, ENT Dept, Clin & Expt Resp Immunoallergy,IDIBAPS,CIBERES, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; Padua Gen Univ Hosp, Dept Women & Child Hlth, Food Allergy Referral Ctr Veneto Reg, Padua, Italy ; Univ Athens, Allergy Unit, Pediat Clin 2, Athens, Greece ; Univ Genoa, Allergy & Resp Dis, IRCCS San Martino IST, Genoa, Italy ; ASST Grande Osped Metropolitano Niguarda, Pzza Osped Maggiore, Milan, Italy ; Univ Med Mannheim, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Mannheim, Germany ; Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany ; Ctr Rhinol & Allergol, Wiesbaden, Germany ; Univ Aberdeen, Acad Primary Care, Div Appl Hlth Sci, Primary Care Resp Med, Aberdeen, Scotland ; RiRL, Cambridge, England ; Optimum Patient Care Ltd, Singapore, Singapore ; Hosp Infantil Univ Nino Jesus, Allergy Sect, Madrid, Spain ; Ludwig Maximillian Univ, Dept Dermatol & Allergol, Munich, Germany ; Med Univ Warsaw, Dept Prevent Environm Hazards & Allergol, Warsaw, Poland ; Royal Natl Throat Nose & Ear Hosp, London, England ; UCL, London, England ; Univ Zurich Hosp, Clin Trials Ctr, Zurich, Switzerland ; Imperial Coll London, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Allergy & Clin Immunol Inflammat Repair & Dev Sec, Immunomodulat & Tolerance Grp,Fac Med, London, England ; MRC, London, England ; Asthma UK Ctr Allerg Mechanisms Asthma, London, England ; Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Asthma UK Ctr Appl Res, Med Informat Ctr, Teviot Pl, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland ; SLAAI, Asuncion, Paraguay ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Programa Posgrad Pediat & Ciencias Aplicadas Pedi, Dept Pediat EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil ; Med Univ Graz, Dept Dermatol & Venerol, Graz, Austria ; Allergy Outpatient Clin Reumannplatz, Vienna, Austria ; Complejo Hosp Navarra, Serv Alergol, Pamplona, Spain ; Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Expt Immunol, Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Univ Bari, Sch Med, Unit Geriatr Immunoallergol, Interdisciplinary Dept Med, Bari, Italy ; Complejo Hosp Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Allergy, Santiago De Compostela, Spain ; Med Univ Graz, Dept Paediat, Resp & Allerg Dis Div, Graz, Austria ; Charite Univ Med Berlin, Klin Dermatol Venerol & Allergol, Allergie Ctr Charite, Berlin, Germany ; European Innovat Partnership Act & Hlth Ageing Re, MAlad Chron Vleillissement Actif Languedoc Roussi, Paris, France ; INSERM, VIMA, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Approaches, U1168,Ageing & Chron Dis, Paris, France ; Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, UVSQ, UMR S 1168, Versailles, France ; CHRU, 371 Ave Doyen Gaston Giraud, F-34295 Montpellier 5, France ; Programa de Pòs‑Graduação em Pediatria e Ciências Aplicadas à Pediatria, Departamento de Pediatria EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil ; Web of Science
In: Calderon , M A , Demoly , P , Casale , T , Akdis , C A , Bachert , C , Bewick , M , Bilò , B M , Bohle , B , Bonini , S , Bush , A , Caimmi , D P , Canonica , G W , Cardona , V , Chiriac , A M , Cox , L , Custovic , A , De Blay , F , Devillier , P , Didier , A , Di Lorenzo , G , Du Toit , G , Durham , S R , Eng , P , Fiocchi , A , Fox , A T , van Wijk , R G , Gomez , R M , Haathela , T , Halken , S , Hellings , P W , Jacobsen , L , Just , J , Tanno , L K , Kleine-Tebbe , J , Klimek , L , Knol , E F , Kuna , P , Larenas-Linnemann , D E , Linneberg , A , Matricardi , M , Malling , H J , Moesges , R , Mullol , J , Muraro , A , Papadopoulos , N , Passalacqua , G , Pastorello , E , Pfaar , O , Price , D , Del Rio , P R , Ruëff , R , Samolinski , B , Scadding , G K , Senti , G , Shamji , M H , Sheikh , A , Sisul , J C , Sole , D , Sturm , G J , Tabar , A , Van Ree , R , Ventura , M T , Vidal , C , Varga , E M , Worm , M , Zuberbier , T & Bousquet , J 2016 , ' Allergy immunotherapy across the life cycle to promote active and healthy ageing : from research to policies: An AIRWAYS Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) programme item (Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing) and the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD), a World Health Organization GARD research demonstration project ' , Clinical and Translational Allergy , vol. 6 , 41 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13601-016-0131-x
Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Santé). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing.
Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Sante). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing. ; Peer reviewed
In: Calderon, M. A., Demoly, P., Casale, T., Akdis, C. A., Bachert, C., Bewick, M., Bilo, B. M., Bohle, B., Bonini, S., Bush, A., Caimmi, D. P., Canonica, G. W., Cardona, V., Chiriac, A. M., Cox, L., Custovic, A., De Blay, F., Devillier, P., Didier, A., Di Lorenzo, G., Du Toit, G., Durham, S. R., Eng, P., Fiocchi, A., Fox, A. T., van Wijk, R. Gerth, Gomez, R. M., Haathela, T., Halken, S., Hellings, P. W., Jacobsen, L., Just, J., Tanno, L. K., Kleine-Tebbe, J., Klimek, L., Knol, E. F., Kuna, P., Larenas-Linnemann, D. E., Linneberg, A., Matricardi, M., Malling, H. J., Moesges, R., Mullol, J., Muraro, A., Papadopoulos, N., Passalacqua, G., Pastorello, E., Pfaar, O., Price, D., Rodriguez del Rio, P., Rueff, R., Samolinski, B., Scadding, G. K., Senti, G., Shamji, M. H., Sheikh, A., Sisul, J. C., Sole, D., Sturm, G. J., Tabar, A., Van Ree, R., Ventura, M. T., Vidal, C., Varga, E. M., Worm, M., Zuberbier, T. and Bousquet, J. (2016). Allergy immunotherapy across the life cycle to promote active and healthy ageing: from research to policies. Clin. Transl. Allergy, 6. LONDON: BMC. ISSN 2045-7022
Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Sante). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing.
In: Calderon , M A , Demoly , P , Casale , T , Akdis , C A , Bachert , C , Bewick , M , Bilò , B M , Bohle , B , Bonini , S , Bush , A , Caimmi , D P , Canonica , G W , Cardona , V , Chiriac , A M , Cox , L , Custovic , A , De Blay , F , Devillier , P , Didier , A , Di Lorenzo , G , Du Toit , G , Durham , S R , Eng , P , Fiocchi , A , Fox , A T , van Wijk , R G , Gomez , R M , Haathela , T , Halken , S , Hellings , P W , Jacobsen , L , Just , J , Tanno , L K , Kleine-Tebbe , J , Klimek , L , Knol , E F , Kuna , P , Larenas-Linnemann , D E , Linneberg , A , Matricardi , M , Malling , H J , Moesges , R , Mullol , J , Muraro , A , Papadopoulos , N , Passalacqua , G , Pastorello , E , Pfaar , O , Price , D , del Rio , P R , Ruëff , R , Samolinski , B , Scadding , G K , Senti , G , Shamji , M H , Sheikh , A , Sisul , J C , Sole , D , Sturm , G J , Tabar , A , van Ree , R , Ventura , M T , Vidal , C , Varga , E M , Worm , M , Zuberbier , T & Bousquet , J 2016 , ' Allergy immunotherapy across the life cycle to promote active and healthy ageing : From research to policies ' , Clinical and Translational Allergy , vol. 6 , 41 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13601-016-0131-x
Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Santé). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing.
Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Santé). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing.
