Suchergebnisse

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to investigate the role of civil aviation in the case of Montenegro, one of the smallest countries in Europe and one whose economy heavily relies on tourism. Methods: For this research, a dynamic panel data approach is used, where five models are proposed for modelling tourism demand. Available seats per kilometer, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, jet fuel prices, exchange rates, and seasonality are used as the models' explanatory variables, in line with the available litetrature. Results: The econometric results show that all suggested models are valid, the explanatory variables are statistically significant, and their coefficients have the expected sign, suggesting a strong relationship between tourism demand and civil aviation. Implications: Apart from being one of the first attempts to highlight the civil aviation and tourism nexus in the context of Montenegro, this paper contributes to the literature by suggesting a way forward for destination managers and policymakers in small countries with great tourism potential.

Effectively addressing the impact of aviation on climate change may prove a major challenge for policymakers. Τhe European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is one of the main instruments used to reach the statutory reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines policy issues regarding the implementation of the EU ETS in aviation. A two-round Delphi study was undertaken based on a sample of 31 experts from Airlines and the International Air Transport Association; Air Navigation Service Providers; Civil Aviation Authorities; Government Institutions; and informed individuals (consultants and academics). The different allocation methods of allowances; the linking of EU ETS to similar schemes in other counties/continents; and the interconnection of the scheme with related environmental policies in Europe are found to significantly affect the efficiency of the EU ETS. Simpler monitoring, reporting and verification processes; streamlining and increased transparency of the auctions and penalties revenue policy; and achievement of balance in the allowance market are recommended to rectify caveats of the EU ETS from a policy perspective.

Aviation contributes to economic and social development, but air traffic congestion and aircraft-related gas emissions damage the environment; hence, appropriate policies should be introduced to ensure sustainable growth. This paper highlights the interdependence of environmental reforms in aviation by thoroughly investigating two major European policy schemes, i.e. the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme and the Single European Sky. Emphasis is given on policy aspects of multi-stakeholder governance. Based on focus group interviews with thirty-nine senior managers and in-depth interviews with seven experts, transaction costs are highlighted and a stakeholder power vs. interest grid is developed to identify and, most importantly, to address governance failure, thus effectively linking different aviation policies in a holistic manner.

This paper uses a Delphi approach to analyse policy issues related to the environmental aspects of the Single European Sky (SES). SES aims to organize the airspace uniformly, with air traffic control areas based on operational efficiency rather than national borders. One of the main aspects of SES is performance evaluation in four areas namely cost efficiency, capacity, safety and environment. This paper focuses on the latter using a two-round Delphi approach. The sample consists of thirty experts from airlines, Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs), Civil Aviation Authorities, Individual experts/consultant/academics, Governmental institutions, EUROCONTROL and the International Air Transport Association (IATA). The Delphi analysis is also supported qualitatively by five interviews with senior experts from the European Commission, EUROCONTROL and IATA. Among others, delays in implementation and the slow progress of the policy scheme are highlighted. Policy recommendations are also provided in the paper to effectively deal with the identified problems.

part PART I Introduction and demand theory in tourism -- chapter 1 THE SCOPE AND CONTENT OF THE ECONOMICS OF TOURISM -- chapter 2 MICROECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF TOURISM DEMAND -- chapter 3 EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF TOURISM DEMAND -- part PART II The economics of tourism supply -- chapter 4 MICROECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF TOURISM SUPPLY -- chapter 5 The economic profi le and characteristics of the tourism sectors -- part PART III The economics of tourism at a national, regional and international level -- chapter 6 TOURISM IN A NATIONAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT -- chapter 7 TOURISM IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT -- part PART IV The economics of environmental issues in tourism and an appraisal of the economic analysis of tourism -- chapter 8 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND TOURISM -- chapter 9 THE ANALYSIS OF TOURISM ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL -- chapter 10 THE VALUATION OF RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INSTRUMENTS -- chapter 11 WHITHER THE ECONOMICS OF TOURISM?.

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