This study aims to describe the reasons for Turkey providing diplomatic and military support to Azerbaijan during the Nagorno Karabakh conflict in 2020 using descriptive qualitative methods. Turkey's active involvement in the Nagorno Karabakh conflict through diplomatic and military support to Azerbaijan is not only controversial but has triggered protests from the international community. Turkey is the only country that has been found to provide open military support. Turkey's military support makes national leadership often neglect regional security and stability in the conflicted regions. However, Turkey as a country needs energy supplies from Azerbaijan. This research then finds that Turkey has a national interest to protect and secure the international pipeline infrastructure that carries oil and natural gas from Azerbaijan to its own territory. Energy security is also further related to Turkey's ambition to become an energy transit center between regions within the framework of the Southern Gas Corridor. Kata Kunci: Turkey, Azerbaijan, Energy Security, Nagorno Karabakh Conflict
Kopi Gunung Catur adalah merek kopi specialty Arabika yang berasal dari Kintamani. Kopi arabika ini memiliki kualitas ekspor. Merek Gunung Catur dibudidayakan oleh kelompok tani bernama Subak Abian Tri Guna Karya. Saat ini, branding memiliki peran penting dalam promosi di pasar internasional. Pemerintah Indonesia mulai membangun nation branding untuk kopi Arabika Indonesia demi menghindari klaim dari negara lain dan memperluas akses pasar. Demikian juga untuk Kopi Gunung Catur, harus ada strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan citra kopi ini sehingga akses pasarnya semakin terbuka lebar. Anholt mengatakan ada tiga strategi yang dapat meningkatkan citra produk suatu negara, yaitu kompetensi, kontribusi dan komunikasi. Kopi Gunung Catur yang telah memiliki sertifikat Indikasi Geografis (IG) menunjukkan kemampuan petani di Desa Catur untuk mengolah kopi dengan kualitas yang baik. Karena kopi ini dibudidayakan secara organik, maka membantu meningkatkan citra Indonesia di mata dunia tentang perlindungan lingkungan. Filosofi Tri Hita Karana yang digunakan sebagai landasan pembudidayaannya yang mensinergikan perilaku manusia dan menjaga keseimbangan alam memperkuat citra kopi ini untuk pelestarian alam. Kopi Gunung Catur telah memenuhi strategi kompetensi dan kontribusi. Namun, akses pasar masih dikeluhkan oleh petani dan pengolah kopi Kopi Gunung Catur. Melalui metode deskriptif kualitatif, ditemukan permasalahan bahwa masih kurangnya pengembangan strategi nation branding ketiga, yaitu komunikasi. Strategi komunikasi berkontribusi besar dalam mendukung akses pasar, terutama untuk kegiatan ekspor. Memasuki era industrialisasi 4.0, penguasaan Teknologi Informasi (TI) dan semangat kewirausahaan modern adalah strategi utama untuk mengembangkan kegiatan ekspor. Ini belum dikembangkan secara optimal oleh petani dan pengusaha kopi Gunung Catur. Maka melalui penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa penggunaan teknologi dan semangat kewirausahaan modern (technopreneurship) menjadi basis strategi komunikasi sebagai langkah strategis dalam meningkatkan peluang ekspor bagi produsen Kopi Gunung Catur. ; Kopi Gunung Catur is a brand of specialty Arabica coffee that from Kintamani. This coffee brand has the export quality. This brand is cultivated by the farmer group named Subak Abian Tri Guna Karya. Today, branding has a significant role on the promotion in the international market. The Indonesian government began to build a nation brand for Indonesia Arabica coffee to avoid the claims from other countries and to expand market access. Likewise for Kopi Gunung Catur, there should be a proper strategy to improve the image of this coffee so its market access is increasingly wide open. Anholt said there are three strategies that can improve a country's product image, namely competence, contribution and communication. Kopi Gunung Catur that has been certified by Geographical Indications (IG) shows the ability of the farmers in Catur Village to cultivate coffee with good quality. Because it is cultivated organically, it enhances Indonesia's image worldwide about environmental protection. The philosophy Tri Hita Karana which is used as a cornerstone of its cultivation which synergizes human behavior and maintains the balance of nature strengthens the image of this coffee to the preservation of the nature. Kopi Gunung Catur has fulfilled the competency and contribution strategy. However, market access is still complained by Kopi Gunung Catur's farmers and coffee makers. Through the qualitative descriptive method, it is found that there is still only small effort to develop a third nation branding strategy, namely communication. The communication strategy contributes greatly in supporting the market access, especially for export activities. Entering the industrialization era 4.0, mastering Information Technology (IT) and having the spirit of modern entrepreneurship is the main strategy to develop export activities. This is not optimally boosted by farmers and entrepreneurs of kopi Gunung Catur. So through this research it was found that the use of technology and modern entrepreneurial spirit (technopreneurship) as the communication based strategy became a right step in increasing export opportunities for Kopi Gunung Catur producers.
ABSTRACT Natural Resource Management Project (NRMP) which is the domestic derivative of global conservation schemes Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), has led to the marginalization of Sengwer indigenous peoples in Cherangany Hills, Kenya. The Government of Kenya and the World Bank as the funders have violated the constitutional rights of Sengwer indigenous peoples. Responding to the marginalization, cultural symbolic movement emerged which put forward the concept of indigenous community-based conservation. Symbolic cultural movement is a form of new social movements. This movement seeks to fight for the rights of Sengwer who are victims by application of the NRMP in Cherangany Hills, Kenya. This study aims to look at the symbolic cultural movement of indigenous peoples which is often regarded as a static society, a role responding to global conservation discourse. This study assessed using the concept of indigenous peoples and symbolic cultural movements; developmentalism; marginalization due to development; and theories of political ecology in developing countries. Keywords: symbolic cultural movement, marginalization, indigenous peoples, political ecology
This research aims to describe the interests of Russia in continuing the construction of TurkStream gas pipeline with Turkey by using qualitative research methods. The TurkStream gas pipeline is one of the construction that Russia and Turkey needed, but the construction was delayed due to the shooting of Turkish military forces against the Russian military aircraft SU-24 on the Syrian border. The Researcher uses complex interdependence and national interests to analyze the pattern of relations between Russia and Turkey. This research perceives that Russia accepted an apology from Turkey and lifted economic sanctions against Turkey is willing to continue the construction of the TurkStream gas pipeline. This is based on Russia's national interests and complex interdependence between Russia and Turkey especially in the defence interests, economic interests, and world order interests. Keywords: Russia-Turkey, T
ABSTRACT Russia was the largest independent Soviet republic in 1991. In an attempt to gain Russian influence over other former Soviet Union countries, Russia focused its attention on those countries. Kyrgyzstan is one of the countries located in Central Asia, which has great potential in the military field. The emergence of the United States in Kyrgyzstan by setting up a military base since 2001, has prompted Russia to seek to eliminate the influence of the United States in Russia. To maintain the stability of the Russian hegemony in Kyrgyzstan, Russia undertakes various ways in both politics, economy and security. To maintain the stability of Russian hegemony, Russia has the most focus on military security in Kyrgyzstan. This effort is realized by providing various kinds of military assistance and facilities to Kyrgyzstan. Keywords: Russia, Kyrgyzstan, USA, Hegemony Stability, Military Security
ABSTRACT Coral triangle area is one of the centre world biodiversity. The region served as source of livelihood, coastal organism breeds location, and also contribute in address global warming issue. However, the coral triangle area, experienced severe damages caused by destructives human activity . Refers to the currents circumstance, Indonesia call for collective engagement to save the biodiversity in the region. The efforts finally resulted in the form of cooperation Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs Fisheries and Food Security (CTI-CFF) by the six member of CT6. Indonesia persistently make the CTI-CFF as fundamental building block for well established cooperation amongst state member in the region. This research would like to analyse the factor that triggered active role involvement by the Indonesia government in the CTI–CFF. There are several concept to be used in this research, such as rational model actor and internal-external factor. Key Words : Coral Triangle Initiative, CTI–CFF, Rational Actor Model, Internal-External Factor.
This study analyzed the reasons behind US anti-missile defense shield construction called United States Ground-based Midcourse Defense (US GMD) which was located in Eastern Europe, Poland, during George W. Bush prescidency (2001-2008). The efforts of maintaining unipolarity and minimizing any threats in order to weaken the US was crucially to be done due to the US was experiencing transitional phase from unipolar to multipolar at that time. Related to this issue, the United States mapped Iran as a potential threat as well as an "axis of evil" since it was rapidly developing the ballistic missiles which resulted in threatening the US security and unipolarity. Iran was even considered as a country which capable of carrying the nuclear warheads without any warning. Through a qualitative methodology, this study found that the main purpose of building the US GMD in Poland was to maintain US hegemonic stability in Europe. The stability of hegemony was derived from an important combination of defense, economy, ideology, and world order. Therefore, the reason behind US GMD construction in Poland was to achieve the US national interests in the form of defense, economy, ideology as well as the world order, which then confirmed the stability of US hegemony in Europe. Keywords: US GMD, hegemonic stability
ABSTRACT Environmental issues have become the main international agenda. The high threat that occurs due to pressure on marine resources such as unlimited capture of marine products, destructive fishing techniques, land pollution, and climate change increases the risk of damage to the marine and coral reef environment. The purpose of this study was to provide a description of the efforts made by the six Coral Triangle Initiatives (CTI) member countries namely the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste and the Solomon Islands to help overcome coral reef problems in the Philippines. These six countries located in the Coral Triangle region jointly compiled the Regional Plans of Action, which was then followed by the preparation of CTI National Plans of Action by each country. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using library studies in collecting the data. The results showed that the success of the efforts of the six countries established through regionall cooperation can be seen in the preservation of Ang Pulo National Park in the Philippines which has improved the function of its mangrove forests and improved coral reef conditions on Culion Island after improvements to the economic welfare of its people. Keywords: Coral Triangle Initiatives, Regional Cooperation, Environmental Security,Philippines
