Suchergebnisse

After Lithuania regained the independence, the state confronted with many political, social, economic, and cultural challenges, which led to changes of norms, values, forms of activities and consciousness of citizens. Changing situation lead to the marginalization of rural areas, the rural community movement raised. The main reason for the rising movement was dissatisfaction about current situation and willingness to change it using communities' resources. This movement is al-lied to new social movements, which arose in 1960 in Western world. For the creation of post-industrial rural areas the paradigm of innovative, sustainable, inclusive rural development deter-mines that new theories, explaining transformations, are necessary. The aim of this research is to identify correspondence of Lithuanian rural community movement to new social movement theory. Scientific literature, related documents, and secondary statistical data were analysed, the theoretical framework of six dimensions was created and applied. The research results confirmed that rural community in Lithuania is to be viewed as a new social movement with some features of traditional movements. These findings may be useful for increasing the awareness about social transformations in rural areas

After Lithuania regained the independence, the state confronted with many political, social, economic, and cultural challenges, which led to changes of norms, values, forms of activities and consciousness of citizens. Changing situation lead to the marginalization of rural areas, the rural community movement raised. The main reason for the rising movement was dissatisfaction about current situation and willingness to change it using communities' resources. This movement is al-lied to new social movements, which arose in 1960 in Western world. For the creation of post-industrial rural areas the paradigm of innovative, sustainable, inclusive rural development deter-mines that new theories, explaining transformations, are necessary. The aim of this research is to identify correspondence of Lithuanian rural community movement to new social movement theory. Scientific literature, related documents, and secondary statistical data were analysed, the theoretical framework of six dimensions was created and applied. The research results confirmed that rural community in Lithuania is to be viewed as a new social movement with some features of traditional movements. These findings may be useful for increasing the awareness about social transformations in rural areas

After Lithuania regained the independence, the state confronted with many political, social, economic, and cultural challenges, which led to changes of norms, values, forms of activities and consciousness of citizens. Changing situation lead to the marginalization of rural areas, the rural community movement raised. The main reason for the rising movement was dissatisfaction about current situation and willingness to change it using communities' resources. This movement is allied to new social movements, which arose in 1960 in Western world. For the creation of postindustrial rural areas the paradigm of innovative, sustainable, inclusive rural development determines that new theories, explaining transformations, are necessary. The aim of this research is to identify correspondence of Lithuanian rural community movement to new social movement theory. Scientific literature, related documents, and secondary statistical data were analysed, the theoretical framework of six dimensions was created and applied. The research results confirmed that rural community in Lithuania is to be viewed as a new social movement with some features of traditional movements. These findings may be useful for increasing the awareness about social transformations in rural areas. ; Atkurta Lietuvos valstybė susidūrė su daugybe politinių, socialinių, ekonominių, kultūrinių iššūkių, inspiravusių visuomenės normų, aktyvumo ir žmonių sąmoningumo kaitą. Kaip atsakas į besikeičiančią situaciją kaime, kilo kaimo bendruomenių judėjimas. Pagrindinis kylančio judėjimo tikslas – nepasitenkinimas esama padėtimi, noras keisti gyvenimo kokybę savo jėgomis, artimas Vakarų pasaulyje susiformavusiems naujiesiems socialiniams judėjimams. Poindustrinio kaimo kūrimui svarbi inovatyvaus, tvaraus ir įtraukaus kaimo vystymo paradigma suponuoja, kad šiandienos kaimo tyrimams būtinos naujos kokybinės dimensijos ir teorijos, talkinančios aiškinant vykstančias transformacijas. Šio straipsnio tikslas – įvertinti Lietuvos kaimo bendruomenių judėjimo bruožų atitikimą naujiesiems socialiniams judėjimams. Tikslui pasiekti remiantis pagrindiniais naujųjų socialinių judėjimų bruožais sukurtas ir pritaikytas šešių dimensijų modelis. Tyrimo rezultatai patvirtina daugumos kaimo bendruomenės veiklos bruožų panašumą su naujaisiais socialiniais judėjimais, inspiruojančiais gyvenimo kokybės pokyčius kaimo vietovėse. Tyrimo prieiga naudinga kaip nauja kokybinė dimensija, gilesniam vykstančių transformacijų kaime pažinimui.

The preservation and nurturance of national heritage products, which are inherent to particular localities, are very significant for the economic, social vitality and sustainable development of a country. National handicrafts are a means of maintaining national identity, originality, and distinction in a constantly changing world. For a long time Lithuania was an agrarian country, so its cultural heritage and handicrafts are closely related to the rural environment, culture, traditions, and materials. Nowadays this heritage is a very important source of alternative employment opportunities. In 2007 Lithuania enacted the Law of National Heritage Products; in 2008 and 2011 Programmes for the Protection of National Heritage Products, their Market and Development of Handicrafts were approved. The goal was to provide governmental support to create favourable conditions for the creation, realisation and popularisation of national heritage products. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the traditional handicrafts protection situation in Lithuania in a Programme implementation framework and to submit proposals for better implementation. The analysis shows that not all Programme goals were achieved: those for which municipalities were responsible were implemented better than those implemented by governmental institutions. A presumption could be made that the top-down approach is only partially suitable for Programme implementation. The partners from the 'bottom' (associations, local activity groups) should be involved in the implementation of the Programme to reach better results

The preservation and nurturance of national heritage products, which are inherent to particular localities, are very significant for the economic, social vitality and sustainable development of a country. National handicrafts are a means of maintaining national identity, originality, and distinction in a constantly changing world. For a long time Lithuania was an agrarian country, so its cultural heritage and handicrafts are closely related to the rural environment, culture, traditions, and materials. Nowadays this heritage is a very important source of alternative employment opportunities. In 2007 Lithuania enacted the Law of National Heritage Products; in 2008 and 2011 Programmes for the Protection of National Heritage Products, their Market and Development of Handicrafts were approved. The goal was to provide governmental support to create favourable conditions for the creation, realisation and popularisation of national heritage products. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the traditional handicrafts protection situation in Lithuania in a Programme implementation framework and to submit proposals for better implementation. The analysis shows that not all Programme goals were achieved: those for which municipalities were responsible were implemented better than those implemented by governmental institutions. A presumption could be made that the top-down approach is only partially suitable for Programme implementation. The partners from the 'bottom' (associations, local activity groups) should be involved in the implementation of the Programme to reach better results

In the end of XX century the approach to agriculture and rural development in the European Union began to change. From the concentration to development of competitive agriculture, the attention was focused on rural areas as whole, on the public needs not only for food, but other areas too. In the ninth decade of the XX century the attention was paid on the significance of agriculture activity consequences for environment, the agriculture recognized as one of the most important creator of public services. Attention was focused not only on agricultural production, but the quality of food, the health of consumers, the biodiversity, environmental resources, rural vitality, local culture and traditions became important. The European Union began to support rural development in a broader sense, the one of the supply sphere – public services. The use of public funds for the public services raises the demand to measure the effectiveness. The aim of this work – to assess the support of EU for the rural regions as the public service providers. The study analyses the changes of the rural policy in a sense of the public service creation. The changes in supply of public services in Lithuania discussed. The practices of EU support impact measurements analyzed. The evaluation of the impact of EU support for Lithuanian rural regions was done. Quantitative and qualitative scientific research methods were used in this work: analysis of the scientific literature, documents, secondary statistical data analysis was performed, comparative methods, logical comparison, questionnaire surveys were used. Lithuanian municipalities were grouped according received EU support volume and impact on demographic, social, economic indicators was analyzed. The study showed that in those Lithuanian rural regions, where EU support was bigger, the decline of population was slower, increased direct investment volumes, increased amount of declared area. The greater amount of support did not made a noticeable impact on number of small and medium-sized enterprises dynamic, as well as for employment. The interview with rural municipality elders and active rural community leaders showed that people in rural areas became more positive, positively evaluates EU support, they became more open for society, communicative, the more attention was paid on self-help and their living environment management.

In the end of XX century the approach to agriculture and rural development in the European Union began to change. From the concentration to development of competitive agriculture, the attention was focused on rural areas as whole, on the public needs not only for food, but other areas too. In the ninth decade of the XX century the attention was paid on the significance of agriculture activity consequences for environment, the agriculture recognized as one of the most important creator of public services. Attention was focused not only on agricultural production, but the quality of food, the health of consumers, the biodiversity, environmental resources, rural vitality, local culture and traditions became important. The European Union began to support rural development in a broader sense, the one of the supply sphere – public services. The use of public funds for the public services raises the demand to measure the effectiveness. The aim of this work – to assess the support of EU for the rural regions as the public service providers. The study analyses the changes of the rural policy in a sense of the public service creation. The changes in supply of public services in Lithuania discussed. The practices of EU support impact measurements analyzed. The evaluation of the impact of EU support for Lithuanian rural regions was done. Quantitative and qualitative scientific research methods were used in this work: analysis of the scientific literature, documents, secondary statistical data analysis was performed, comparative methods, logical comparison, questionnaire surveys were used. Lithuanian municipalities were grouped according received EU support volume and impact on demographic, social, economic indicators was analyzed. The study showed that in those Lithuanian rural regions, where EU support was bigger, the decline of population was slower, increased direct investment volumes, increased amount of declared area. The greater amount of support did not made a noticeable impact on number of small and medium-sized enterprises dynamic, as well as for employment. The interview with rural municipality elders and active rural community leaders showed that people in rural areas became more positive, positively evaluates EU support, they became more open for society, communicative, the more attention was paid on self-help and their living environment management.

In the end of XX century the approach to agriculture and rural development in the European Union began to change. From the concentration to development of competitive agriculture, the attention was focused on rural areas as whole, on the public needs not only for food, but other areas too. In the ninth decade of the XX century the attention was paid on the significance of agriculture activity consequences for environment, the agriculture recognized as one of the most important creator of public services. Attention was focused not only on agricultural production, but the quality of food, the health of consumers, the biodiversity, environmental resources, rural vitality, local culture and traditions became important. The European Union began to support rural development in a broader sense, the one of the supply sphere – public services. The use of public funds for the public services raises the demand to measure the effectiveness. The aim of this work – to assess the support of EU for the rural regions as the public service providers. The study analyses the changes of the rural policy in a sense of the public service creation. The changes in supply of public services in Lithuania discussed. The practices of EU support impact measurements analyzed. The evaluation of the impact of EU support for Lithuanian rural regions was done. Quantitative and qualitative scientific research methods were used in this work: analysis of the scientific literature, documents, secondary statistical data analysis was performed, comparative methods, logical comparison, questionnaire surveys were used. Lithuanian municipalities were grouped according received EU support volume and impact on demographic, social, economic indicators was analyzed. The study showed that in those Lithuanian rural regions, where EU support was bigger, the decline of population was slower, increased direct investment volumes, increased amount of declared area. The greater amount of support did not made a noticeable impact on number of small and medium-sized enterprises dynamic, as well as for employment. The interview with rural municipality elders and active rural community leaders showed that people in rural areas became more positive, positively evaluates EU support, they became more open for society, communicative, the more attention was paid on self-help and their living environment management.

In the end of XX century the approach to agriculture and rural development in the European Union began to change. From the concentration to development of competitive agriculture, the attention was focused on rural areas as whole, on the public needs not only for food, but other areas too. In the ninth decade of the XX century the attention was paid on the significance of agriculture activity consequences for environment, the agriculture recognized as one of the most important creator of public services. Attention was focused not only on agricultural production, but the quality of food, the health of consumers, the biodiversity, environmental resources, rural vitality, local culture and traditions became important. The European Union began to support rural development in a broader sense, the one of the supply sphere – public services. The use of public funds for the public services raises the demand to measure the effectiveness. The aim of this work – to assess the support of EU for the rural regions as the public service providers. The study analyses the changes of the rural policy in a sense of the public service creation. The changes in supply of public services in Lithuania discussed. The practices of EU support impact measurements analyzed. The evaluation of the impact of EU support for Lithuanian rural regions was done. Quantitative and qualitative scientific research methods were used in this work: analysis of the scientific literature, documents, secondary statistical data analysis was performed, comparative methods, logical comparison, questionnaire surveys were used. Lithuanian municipalities were grouped according received EU support volume and impact on demographic, social, economic indicators was analyzed. The study showed that in those Lithuanian rural regions, where EU support was bigger, the decline of population was slower, increased direct investment volumes, increased amount of declared area. The greater amount of support did not made a noticeable impact on number of small and medium-sized enterprises dynamic, as well as for employment. The interview with rural municipality elders and active rural community leaders showed that people in rural areas became more positive, positively evaluates EU support, they became more open for society, communicative, the more attention was paid on self-help and their living environment management.

Declining rural population increases distances to public services, they become more expensive. Therefore, provision of public services is a growing challenge in rural areas not only in Lithuania but also in Europe. Public services are one of the aspects of rural vitality, which is widely debated by both scientists and politicians. Demand aspects are debated, new, innovative ways of provision of public services discussed, new service models combining private, public sectors and community resources are sought. The aim of the study was to identify public services, the demand for which is the greatest in rural areas. To achieve the aim, the questionnaire for elders of Lithuanian rural wards was prepared. The questionnaires were sent to all Lithuanian rural wards – 450 and 352 elders' answers were received. The results showed that the best served are public services as information accessibility, school-age children education and social services. The public services where a lot of changes must be done are such as primary health care and all types of utilities (water, sewerage, waste), public transport.

Declining rural population increases distances to public services, they become more expensive. Therefore, provision of public services is a growing challenge in rural areas not only in Lithuania but also in Europe. Public services are one of the aspects of rural vitality, which is widely debated by both scientists and politicians. Demand aspects are debated, new, innovative ways of provision of public services discussed, new service models combining private, public sectors and community resources are sought. The aim of the study was to identify public services, the demand for which is the greatest in rural areas. To achieve the aim, the questionnaire for elders of Lithuanian rural wards was prepared. The questionnaires were sent to all Lithuanian rural wards – 450 and 352 elders' answers were received. The results showed that the best served are public services as information accessibility, school-age children education and social services. The public services where a lot of changes must be done are such as primary health care and all types of utilities (water, sewerage, waste), public transport.

Declining rural population increases distances to public services, they become more expensive. Therefore, provision of public services is a growing challenge in rural areas not only in Lithuania but also in Europe. Public services are one of the aspects of rural vitality, which is widely debated by both scientists and politicians. Demand aspects are debated, new, innovative ways of provision of public services discussed, new service models combining private, public sectors and community resources are sought. The aim of the study was to identify public services, the demand for which is the greatest in rural areas. To achieve the aim, the questionnaire for elders of Lithuanian rural wards was prepared. The questionnaires were sent to all Lithuanian rural wards – 450 and 352 elders' answers were received. The results showed that the best served are public services as information accessibility, school-age children education and social services. The public services where a lot of changes must be done are such as primary health care and all types of utilities (water, sewerage, waste), public transport.

Declining rural population increases distances to public services, they become more expensive. Therefore, provision of public services is a growing challenge in rural areas not only in Lithuania but also in Europe. Public services are one of the aspects of rural vitality, which is widely debated by both scientists and politicians. Demand aspects are debated, new, innovative ways of provision of public services discussed, new service models combining private, public sectors and community resources are sought. The aim of the study was to identify public services, the demand for which is the greatest in rural areas. To achieve the aim, the questionnaire for elders of Lithuanian rural wards was prepared. The questionnaires were sent to all Lithuanian rural wards – 450 and 352 elders' answers were received. The results showed that the best served are public services as information accessibility, school-age children education and social services. The public services where a lot of changes must be done are such as primary health care and all types of utilities (water, sewerage, waste), public transport.

In Lithuania, as in many countries around the world, observed the phenomenon of demographic aging. Concerns about demographic aging pose a debate not only in scientific but also in political discourse. The international community has begun to draw more attention to the demographic aging challenges and search for measures to mitigate them. The share of 65 years and older population in rural areas is bigger than in cities. To ensure the older population dignified, healthy, active aging is important to ensure their access to main public services, which supply in rural areas is more complicated, compare with the cities. Scientists, politicians raises the question - is it good to grow old in rural areas? For public sector organizations that seek to optimize the delivery of public services is important to know the level of customer satisfaction, to assess it in order to make appropriate decisions on further action. The aim of research – to assess attitudes of elderly rural residents toward public services delivery and their opinion on opportunities to volunteer by themselves. The study identifies main tendencies of demographic aging in rural areas, overviews the challenges of aging. Discuss the supply of public services in rural areas aspects and obstacles. The alternatives for traditional public service delivery strategies were overviewed. A structures opinion survey about elderly rural resident's attitudes toward public services delivery was performed. 5 spheres of public services were researched: transport, social services, family doctor accessibility, cultural activity, feeling of safety. Respondents were also asked about volunteering experience. According to the results of survey elder rural resident are not satisfied about transport service delivery, the most difficulties were experienced by living alone, living in remote areas and having worse health state.

In Lithuania, as in many countries around the world, observed the phenomenon of demographic aging. Concerns about demographic aging pose a debate not only in scientific but also in political discourse. The international community has begun to draw more attention to the demographic aging challenges and search for measures to mitigate them. The share of 65 years and older population in rural areas is bigger than in cities. To ensure the older population dignified, healthy, active aging is important to ensure their access to main public services, which supply in rural areas is more complicated, compare with the cities. Scientists, politicians raises the question - is it good to grow old in rural areas? For public sector organizations that seek to optimize the delivery of public services is important to know the level of customer satisfaction, to assess it in order to make appropriate decisions on further action. The aim of research – to assess attitudes of elderly rural residents toward public services delivery and their opinion on opportunities to volunteer by themselves. The study identifies main tendencies of demographic aging in rural areas, overviews the challenges of aging. Discuss the supply of public services in rural areas aspects and obstacles. The alternatives for traditional public service delivery strategies were overviewed. A structures opinion survey about elderly rural resident's attitudes toward public services delivery was performed. 5 spheres of public services were researched: transport, social services, family doctor accessibility, cultural activity, feeling of safety. Respondents were also asked about volunteering experience. According to the results of survey elder rural resident are not satisfied about transport service delivery, the most difficulties were experienced by living alone, living in remote areas and having worse health state.