Suchergebnisse

"Thinking about climate change, many of us picture the catastrophic effects that the science has shown are sure to come if we don't act, and we often hear that global temperatures are rising at increasing and alarming rates. While those trends of rising temperatures will certainly bring about catastrophe if allowed to continue, they are also already having devastating effects right now. This book will focus on the economic implications of heat events happening now, and the warming that is already certain to come over the next 20 to 30 years. The book will focus on the hidden inequalities that have for long lain in plain sight: the way a heat wave, for instance, may barely be noticed by most office workers but pose potentially life-threatening risks for landscapers and construction crews, even within the same zip code. Economist Jisung Park argues that what's missing in the debate on climate change are answers to more practical questions: what climate change means for us and for our children, for the opportunities and livelihoods of our neighbors and friends, not 100 years from now, but right now. In his research, Park has quantified effects such as how when you take an exam on a 90 degree day in a building without working air conditioning, you will likely perform 10% to 15% worse than you would have on a day in the 60s; how if your job involves working outdoors, you're 5% to 10% more likely to experience a serious injury at work if the temperature is above 95 degrees; how the returns on your retirement fund can fluctuate quarter to quarter depending on the number of heat waves in China or the temperature in lower Manhattan; and how trends in criminal activity and policing behavior in your neighborhood worsen on a hot day. The book will argue that our collective discourse around climate change appears to be leaving out a crucial if seemingly commonplace factor: the subtle yet pervasive effects of heat on everyday people doing everyday things. It will paint a picture of climate change as "the silent accumulation of a thousand tiny burns, and an amplifier of underlying inequality; less an impending cardiac arrest for civilization but more a chronic and gradually intensifying inflammation for society's have-nots.""--

The pressing reality of global climate change has resulted in a great deal of focus on proposals for market-based government intervention. Currently proposed intervention can take one of two forms: either it can achieve reductions in carbon emissions by controlling the quantity of allowable carbon emissions or it can do the same by setting the price of carbon emissions. If we approach the issue of climate change as a classic externality problem and assume perfect information, economic theory suggests that an optimal level of carbon abatement can be achieved by either method. But, with the issue of climate change we are dealing with a host of unknown costs and benefits of abatement, and we cannot be sure that either method will be efficient. Thus, the role of uncertainty must factor into any policy decision. In this paper, we apply theoretical concepts of informational uncertainty to the issue of climate change. We find that depending on the curvatures of the costs and benefit functions, one type of government intervention may be preferable to the other, with arguments made for each case. Our analysis will highlight the need for further research into the anthropogenic causes and effects of climate change, as well as the need for policymakers to consider the role uncertainty and the precautionary principle play when deciding what sort of government intervention policy to pursue.

Guided by resource allocation theory and trait activation theory, we examined the relationships between a focal employee's general selfefficacy and the work outcomes of task performance and knowledge sharing. In particular, because coworkers play a critical role in activating the trait-like
dimension of general self-efficacy, we investigated how the interactive effects between a focal employee's and their coworker's general self-efficacy influenced the work outcomes of 140 focal employee–coworker dyads employed in 15 industries in South Korea. Results show that focal employees'
high general self-efficacy positively affected task performance and negatively affected knowledge sharing. Implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.

We explored the direct relationship between newcomers' organizational tenure and job satisfaction while controlling for the age effect. We also investigated the moderating role of the gap between preentry expectations and postentry experience (the met-expectations hypothesis effect).
Longitudinal research involving 1,150 individuals in 2,693 observations in South Korea showed that newcomers' organizational tenure was negatively related to their job satisfaction. In addition, this negative association was more pronounced in the case of newcomers with a wide intrinsic motivational
gap between preentry expectations and postentry experience. The findings suggest that in order to enhance newcomers' job satisfaction, managers should consider their preentry expectations related to intrinsic motivation and fulfillment of such expectations in their current job and position.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop and test theoretical propositions explaining why and under what circumstances highly self-efficacious employees experience victimization at work and how task interdependence leads to the situation that employee victimization emerges.Design/methodology/approachTo test hypotheses, the authors collected the data from four organizations, which are private company, public enterprise, medical institution and government office in Gyungbuk province, South Korea. The final sample for analyses was 209 employees.FindingsContrary to the prediction, high self-efficacy did not show a statistically significant relationship with victimization. However, task interdependence is related to victimization and functions as an important situational contributor to exacerbate highly self-efficacious employees' victimization.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings have research implications by exploring victimization of the employees with high self-efficacy, which is an underdeveloped area in the victimization literature and showing that task interdependence is the critical factor to trigger and aggravate employee victimization. Despite these implications, this study should be evaluated in light of several limitations such as the data from single source for all variables and the use of cross-sectional data.Practical implicationsManagers need to be aware that highly self-efficacious employees can be vulnerable to victimization at work, where there is high task interdependence. The evidence suggests that managers may take safeguards to deter employee victimization, when tasks are closely related among members.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to expand the understanding of employee victimization by examining the roles of self-efficacy and task interdependence to crystalize antecedents and boundary conditions of victimization at workplace.

Our aim was to elucidate when and why high performers feel job dissatisfaction by taking a resource flow approach and focusing on team members' role overload (resource outflow) and relative leader–member exchange compared to other members (resource inflow). The sample comprised
136 supervisor–subordinate dyads, and we found that role overload decreased high performers' job satisfaction owing to the depletion of available resources, whereas leader–member exchange social comparison (LMXSC) increased high performers' job satisfaction because of the attainment
of exclusive resources. Moreover, job satisfaction was lowest when resource outflow from role overload was not restored by resource inflow through LMXSC. We discuss theoretical and practical implications in relation to the literature on talent management, employee motivation, and leadership.

AbstractRecent research documents the adverse causal impacts on health and productivity of extreme heat, which will worsen with climate change. In this paper, we assess the current distribution of heat exposure within countries, to explore possible distributional consequences of climate change through temperature. Combining survey data from 690,745 households across 52 countries with spatial data on climate, this paper suggests that the welfare impacts of added heat stress may be regressivewithincountries. We find: (1) a strong negative correlation between household wealth and warmer temperature in many hot countries; (2) a strong positive correlation between household wealth and warmer temperatures in many cold countries; and (3) that poorer individuals are more likely to work in occupations with greater exposure. While our analysis is descriptive rather than causal, our results suggest a larger vulnerability of poor people to heat extremes, and potentially significant distributional and poverty implications of climate change.