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Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword, Prólogo, Avant-Propos -- Executive Summary, Résumen, Résumé Analytique -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 The Analytic Context for the Review -- Evolving Staff and Shareholder Values Led to Changes in Focus -- Social Development Is a Fuzzy Concept -- Differing Perspectives Have Bureaucratic Implications -- The Bank's Social Development Objectives -- Study Design -- 2 Where Is Social Development Being Conducted? -- Is There a Social Development "Portfolio"? -- It's Done Everywhere, but the Portfolio Varies by Region and Sector -- 3 Is Social Development Relevant? -- It Is Relevant to the Bank's Broader Development Objectives -- It Is a High Priority at the Country Level -- It Is Relevant at the Project Level -- 4 Have Social Development Interventions Been Effective? -- Effectiveness of Projects with Social Development Components Compares Well with Others -- Projects with Overlapping Social Development Themes Have Better Ratings -- 5 What Challenges Affect Implementation of Social Development? -- Consistency: Treatment Received by the Various Social Themes Is Highly Variable -- Maintaining the Flow of Socially Relevant Information -- Borrower Institutional Development in the Broadest Sense -- The Interdependence of Social Themes -- 6 What Are the Implications for Bank Organization and Procedures? -- The Bank's Focus on, and Support for, Social Development Could Be Improved -- More Work across Internal Units Would Help -- Bank and Borrower Social Development Inputs Could Be Fine-Tuned -- Good Social Assessments Focus on Vital Issues -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations for the Bank's Sector Strategy -- The Closer You Get to the Poor, the More You Need Social Development -- Recommendations -- Annexes -- A: Supplemental Charts and Tables -- B: Methodological Note -- C: Definitions of Social Development.

The object of this review is to summarize the achievements of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994) and Marmar, Fusion Sci. Technol. 51, 261 (2007)] and to place that research in the context of the quest for practical fusion energy. C-Mod is a compact, high-field tokamak, whose unique design and operating parameters have produced a wealth of new and important results since it began operation in 1993, contributing data that extends tests of critical physical models into new parameter ranges and into new regimes. Using only high-power radio frequency (RF) waves for heating and current drive with innovative launching structures, C-Mod operates routinely at reactor level power densities and achieves plasma pressures higher than any other toroidal confinement device. C-Mod spearheaded the development of the vertical-target divertor and has always operated with high-Z metal plasma facing components—approaches subsequently adopted for ITER. C-Mod has made ground-breaking discoveries in divertor physics and plasma-material interactions at reactor-like power and particle fluxes and elucidated the critical role of cross-field transport in divertor operation, edge flows and the tokamak density limit. C-Mod developed the I-mode and the Enhanced Dα H-mode regimes, which have high performance without large edge localized modes and with pedestal transport self-regulated by short-wavelength electromagnetic waves. C-Mod has carried out pioneering studies of intrinsic rotation and demonstrated that self-generated flow shear can be strong enough in some cases to significantly modify transport. C-Mod made the first quantitative link between the pedestal temperature and the H-mode's performance, showing that the observed self-similar temperature profiles were consistent with critical-gradient-length theories and followed up with quantitative tests of nonlinear gyrokinetic models. RF research highlights include direct experimental observation of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) mode-conversion, ICRF flow drive, demonstration of lower-hybrid current drive at ITER-like densities and fields and, using a set of novel diagnostics, extensive validation of advanced RF codes. Disruption studies on C-Mod provided the first observation of non-axisymmetric halo currents and non-axisymmetric radiation in mitigated disruptions. A summary of important achievements and discoveries are included. ; United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-99ER54512) ; United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-FG03-94ER-54241) ; United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-AC02-78ET- 51013) ; United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-AC02-09CH11466) ; United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-FG02-95ER54309) ; United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-AC02-05CH11231) ; United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-AC52-07NA27344) ; United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-FG02- 97ER54392) ; United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-SC00-02060)