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The paper presents a new approach to modelling economies in transition, where the adjustment processes are often nonlinear and data series are short. The model presented in the paper, the LAM-3 model, is the latest development in a series of long-run adjustment models, used for simulation and forecasting of several East European Economies. In particular the model contains short-run equations with bilinear error correction derived from a structural vector autoregressive model. The paper also gives derivations of two long-run relationships of the model, those for full-capacity output (reformable and non-reformable labour) and the relationship linking prices, money, incomes and exchange rates. The short-run part evolves around the specification of price and wage dynamics according to the NAIRU principle. Due to the fact that series of data for Eastern European countries are short, the parameters are evaluated with the use of global optimization technique (repetitive stochastic guestimation) rather than by a traditional econometric method. The model was estimated and applied for Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic, Romania and Ukraine. For each country it consists of 3 long-run and 21 short-run relationships. Examples of simulations presented here evaluate European Union accessibility through inflation correlation measures and Aghion-Blanchard optimal speed of privatisation.

Analysis of training systems, that are used for training of firefighters in the European Union countries that are: mobile or stationary (training paths and training grounds of container type ).The conditions that are created in the training complex for training firefighters in breathing apparatus on the compressed air are also analyzed. The equipment which such complexes are equipped is examined. It is proved that these methods and ways of preparing firefighters to work in smoky and gassed environment at the mobile and stationary training systems are more perfect and modern than training complex for preparing firefighters in Ukraine.From the analysis of preparing and training firefighters in European Union countries the recommendations was made on the selection and creation of training centers in Ukraine. ; Проаналізовано мобільні та стаціонарні тренувальні комплекси, які використовуються для підготовки газодимозахисників країн Європейського Cоюзу. Досліджено умови, які створюються у тренувальних комплексах для тренувань пожежників у дихальних апаратах на стисненому повітрі. Розглянуто обладнання, яким оснащуються такі комплекси. Доведено, що дані методи і способи підготовки газодимозахисників до роботи в задимленому та загазованому середовищі на базі мобільних та стаціонарних тренувальних комплексів є більш досконалими і сучасними порівняно з тренувальними комплексами для підготовки газодимозахисників України. За результатами аналізу підготовки та тренувань газодимозахисників країн Європи сформульовано рекомендації, щодо вибору та створення тренувальних комплексів в Україні.

Introduction. The gradual and relentless development of alternative energy sources and the constant strug-gle of humanity with excess greenhouse gas emissions led to the simultaneous development of vehicles with alternative energy sources. Currently, vehicles that run exclusively on electricity and are virtually safe for the environment are becoming increasingly popular. Among the variety of vehicles running on electricity, it is necessary to single out vehicles that use compressed hydrogen to generate electricity. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) are already widely used in the United States, Germany, Japan, and the rest of the world, and their governments are constantly expanding and developing the appropriate infrastructure for them.The purpose and objectives of the study. The paper analyses the basic structure of HFCV and identifies the main scenarios of possible emergencies, namely: fire or explosion of fuel tanks with hydrogen; leakage, flaming of hydrogen from fuel lines (tank) under the high pressure; high-pressure hydrogen jet fire; leakage of hydrogen in the compartment (garage, closed parking) without further combustion.Methods. In the work on the subsequent literature review, the probable dangers for the personnel of the emergency rescue units involved in the elimination of certain emergency scenarios were identified.Results. It is established that: during the combustion of HFCV the most probable jet fire of hydrogen (flame temperature can reach 2000 0C), and also possible explosion of hydrogen cylinders or gas-air mixture with a significant range. Secondly, leakage of hydrogen in the compartment can cause its destruction in a relatively short period (about 15 seconds), and/or poisoning (asphyxia) of people due to a sharp decrease in oxygen concentration.Conclusions. The analysis and generalization of existing knowledge on the potential hazard of HFCV is conducted, electric cars give us reasonable grounds to argue that the regulatory framework for the construction and installation of security ...